Thematic Review: When Access Is Not Enough: Poverty of Representation and Violence against Women in Politics - Feminist Democratic Representation. By Karen Celis and Sarah Childs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. 256 pp. $74.00 (hardcover). https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190087722.001.0001. - Violence against Women in Politics. By Mona Lena Krook. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. 336 pp. $24.95 (paperback). https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190088460.001.0001.

Runderkamp, Zahra; Mügge, Liza

doi:10.1017/s1743923x21000040

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Whether a brain signal of interest can be measured on the scalp, depends on a number of factors, like individual brain anatomies, conductivity and thickness of bones and meninges, etc. (e.g., Bach, 1998; Nunez & Srinivasan, 2006). As a consequence, such a signal may be clearly identified in some participants, but be apparently absent in others, even if the neural processes of interest may be highly similar across participants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous Necker-Cube Reversals are not that Spontaneous

Wilson

Hecker

Joos

et al. 2023

Preprint

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During observation of the ambiguous Necker cube, our perception suddenly reverses between two about equally possible 3D interpretations. During passive observation, perceptual reversals seem to be sudden and spontaneous. A number of theoretical approaches postulate destabilization of neural representations as a precondition for spontaneous reversals of ambiguous figures. In the current study, we focused on possible EEG correlates of perceptual destabilization, that may allow to predict an upcoming perceptual reversal. We presented ambiguous Necker cube stimuli in an onset-paradigm and investigated the neural processes underlying endogenous reversals as compared to perceptual stability across two consecutive stimulus presentations. In a separate experimental condition, disambiguated cube variants were alternated randomly, to exogenously induce perceptual reversals. We compared the EEG immediately before and during endogenous Necker cube reversals with corresponding time windows during exogenously induced perceptual reversals of disambiguated cube variants. For the ambiguous Necker cube stimuli, we found the earliest differences in the EEG between reversal trials and stability trials already one second before a reversal occurred, at bilateral parietal electrodes. The traces remained similar until approximately 1100 ms before a perceived reversal, became maximally different at around 890 ms (p=7.59*10-6, Cohen's d=1.35) and remained different until shortly before offset of the stimulus preceding the reversal. No such patterns were found in the case of disambiguated cube variants. The identified EEG effects may reflect destabilized states of neural representations, related to destabilized perceptual states preceding a perceptual reversal. They further indicate that spontaneous Necker cube reversals are most probably not as spontaneous as generally thought. Rather, the destabilization may occur over a longer time scale, at least one second before a reversal event.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous Necker-Cube Reversals are not that Spontaneous

Wilson

Hecker

Joos

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Conventional techniques for vital sign monitoring include electrocardiography, photoplethysmography, sphygmomanometry, pneumography, and the measurement of electrodermal activity, which will be briefly introduced in the following. Other techniques, which exceed the scope of this work and for which readers are referred to the literature, include impedance cardiography [67][68][69], electromyography [70,71], electroencephalography [72,73], thermography [74,75], and electrogastrography [76,77] as well as the analysis of vocal patterns [78][79][80][81], facial expressions [81,82], and gait [81,[83][84][85].…”

Section: Biosignals For Strain Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the human response to acute mental stress–An overview and a multimodal study

Ernst,

Scherpf,

Pannasch

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Numerous vital signs are reported in association with stress response assessment, but their application varies widely. This work provides an overview over methods for stress induction and strain assessment, and presents a multimodal experimental study to identify the most important vital signs for effective assessment of the response to acute mental stress. We induced acute mental stress in 65 healthy participants with the Mannheim Multicomponent Stress Test and acquired self-assessment measures (Likert scale, Self-Assessment Manikin), salivary α-amylase and cortisol concentrations as well as 60 vital signs from biosignals, such as heart rate variability parameters, QT variability parameters, skin conductance level, and breath rate. By means of statistical testing and a self-optimizing logistic regression, we identified the most important biosignal vital signs. Fifteen biosignal vital signs related to ventricular repolarization variability, blood pressure, skin conductance, and respiration showed significant results. The logistic regression converged with QT variability index, left ventricular work index, earlobe pulse arrival time, skin conductance level, rise time and number of skin conductance responses, breath rate, and breath rate variability (F1 = 0.82). Self-assessment measures indicated successful stress induction. α-amylase and cortisol showed effect sizes of -0.78 and 0.55, respectively. In summary, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and sympathetic nervous system were successfully activated. Our findings facilitate a coherent and integrative understanding of the assessment of the stress response and help to align applications and future research concerning acute mental stress.

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Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

Spontaneous Necker-Cube Reversals are not that Spontaneous

Spontaneous Necker-Cube Reversals are not that Spontaneous

Assessment of the human response to acute mental stress–An overview and a multimodal study

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