Theoretical and Practical Foundations of Mokken Scale Analysis in Psychology

Franco, Víthor Rosa; Laros, Jacob Arie; Bastos, Rafael Valdece Sousa

doi:10.1590/1982-4327e3223

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Additionally, we conducted a Mokken scale analysis (MSA) to select the best items from this instrument (Mokken, 2011, see Franco et al, 2022 for a review). MSA is a nonparametric item response theory (IRT) model, which employs less restrictive assumptions about data that are often done by parametric statistics (in the IRT case, the relation between the probability of obtaining a particular score on a particular item of a latent variable depends on an item response function that often follows a logistic function or a normal ogive model, while in MSA only imposes order restrictions of item response functions, so they can have any shape).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction and Validation of the Short Antinatalism Scale (S-ANS)

Schönegger

Maier

Bastos

2023

Psychological Test Adaptation and Development

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Antinatalism is the view that procreation is morally wrong. This paper introduces and validates the Short Antinatalism Scale (S-ANS) that allows researchers to measure antinatalist views. We conducted four preregistered studies with a total of 1,088 participants. First, we ran a study on Prolific ( N = 296) and conducted an exploratory factor analysis of an initial scale including 22 items drawn from the philosophical literature on antinatalism. In Study 2, we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis of a reduced 12-item scale, also on Prolific ( N = 396). Based on a Mokken scale analysis, we further reduced the scale to a 5-item version which we tested in a second confirmatory factor analysis, Study 3, on Prolific ( N = 297), where we also aimed to provide evidence of validity. The results indicated excellent model fit (RMSEA = 0.012) and evidence for validity (with life satisfaction, affective empathy, and conservatism correlating negatively with antinatalism). Lastly, we conducted Study 4 with a sample of self-identified antinatalists on Reddit ( N = 99) to provide additional evidence of validity. We find that the instrument is measurement invariant between self-described antinatalists and the general population and that antinatalists score significantly higher on the scale ( d = 2.80). This provides evidence in favor of reliability and validity with respect to the final 5-item Short Antinatalism Scale (S-ANS). We hope that the S-ANS, which is freely available to all researchers, advances rigorous research into antinatalism and its determinants across a variety of fields that relate to the value of life and procreation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction and Validation of the Short Antinatalism Scale (S-ANS)

Schönegger

Maier

Bastos

2023

Psychological Test Adaptation and Development

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“…However, there are some examples of psychometric procedures that, to some extension, try to test the measurement level of the latent variable, as well as the data generating process that relates the latent variables to the observed variables. For instance, think of the contrast between Mokken scale analysis and traditional parametric item response theory modeling (Franco et al, 2022). Traditional parametric item response theory modeling assumes a model is true and then the quality of the model is assessed with fit and performance indices, therefore being a scaling method by theory fitting.…”

Section: Scaling: How To Construct Numerical Scales?mentioning

confidence: 99%

An uncomplicated introduction to measurement theory

Franco,

Heene,

Domingue

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Measurement in psychology is usually associated with psychometrics. Despite all the theoretical breakthroughs allowed by psychometric methods, they represent only a restricted range of possible measures in social sciences. Representational measurement theory (RMT) generalizes the procedures of measurement in hard sciences to applications that can be useful for social scientists. However, RMT is still unknown to many researchers, mainly because of its abstract nature as a branch of mathematics. The objective of this is paper is to present an introduction to measurement theory that focusses more on its intuitive understanding rather than on its technical aspects. This paper is structured as follows. First, we present general description of measurement theory with special focus on representational measurement theory (RMT). We then describe the main characteristics of the four main problems of RMT (i.e., representation, uniqueness, scaling, and meaningfulness). Finally, we discuss some important aspects for future research.

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“…In a parallel with IRT, fitting a Rasch, or logistic, model to the data is a type of scaling method used as a technique. Mokken scale analysis, on the other hand, is an example of a scaling method used as a criterion (Franco et al, 2022).…”

Section: Statistical Testing Of the Automatically Generated Itemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Tutorial on Unidimensional Unfolding: From Automatic Item Generation to Insightful Inferences

Franco,

de Francisco Carvalho

2023

Preprint

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ChatGPT, publicly released in December 2022, has brought about a paradigm shift in the realm of machine learning and Natural Language Processing, with scientific studies and real-world applications showcasing its capability to engage to perform cognitive tasks akin to a knowledgeable human. Central to its identity as a text generation tool, and aware of its limitations, this study aims to present a tutorial on how to use ChatGPT for automatic item generation (AIG) following Michell's (1994) binary tree structure. Structured sequentially, we first describe what AIG is, highlighting the possible improvements allowed by large language models in general. Subsequently, the unidimensional unfolding theory, synonymous with the Coombs system, is introduced as the foundation for our AIG procedure. The following section is a description of our rationale on the approach to training ChatGPT in the creation of items via the binary tree structure, concurrently instructing the reader on how to analyze the data. We then present a practical case study focusing on the measurement of attention-seeking tendencies, with a comprehensive presentation and commentary on the necessary R code. The paper concludes with reflections on future directions for research endeavors.

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Theoretical and Practical Foundations of Mokken Scale Analysis in Psychology

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Introduction and Validation of the Short Antinatalism Scale (S-ANS)

Introduction and Validation of the Short Antinatalism Scale (S-ANS)

An uncomplicated introduction to measurement theory

A Tutorial on Unidimensional Unfolding: From Automatic Item Generation to Insightful Inferences

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