Theoretical<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>D</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>Raman band of strained graphene

Popov, V. N.; Lambin, Philippe

doi:10.1103/physrevb.87.155425

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…b. For moderate strains (significantly below

1 %

()),

I_{2 D} / I_{G}

is not expected to vary due to the deformation of the graphene lattice (). However, this ratio is known to be very sensitive to the doping level and to optical interference effects ().…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doping- and interference-free measurement of I2D/IG in suspended monolayer graphene blisters

Metten

Froehlicher

Berciaud

2015

Phys. Status Solidi B

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We report on strong interference effects on the ratio of the integrated intensities of the Raman 2D‐ and G‐mode features (herein denoted I2normalD/IG) in suspended graphene monolayers. Free from substrate‐induced doping and residual charge inhomogeneity, suspended samples are an ideal platform to study the intrinsic properties of graphene. Here, we demonstrate that I2normalD/IG, measured on a pressurized suspended graphene blister, depends very sensitively on the distance between the bulged graphene membrane and the underlying substrate. The data obtained on three different samples are fit to theoretically predicted Raman enhancement factors and allow to extract an intrinsic, i.e., doping‐ and interference‐free, value of ()I2normalD/IGintr=5±1 for undoped, unscreened graphene at a laser photon energy of 2.33 normaleV.

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“…b. For moderate strains (significantly below

1 %

()),

I_{2 D} / I_{G}

is not expected to vary due to the deformation of the graphene lattice (). However, this ratio is known to be very sensitive to the doping level and to optical interference effects ().…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doping- and interference-free measurement of I2D/IG in suspended monolayer graphene blisters

Metten

Froehlicher

Berciaud

2015

Phys. Status Solidi B

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“…One more method to tune electronic and optical properties of graphene is to apply mechanical strain or bending. [13,14] In fact, among the many outstanding characteristics, graphene posses also unique mechanical properties with elastic reversible resistance to tensile stress. [15] Landau levels and optical Hall effect have been extensively studied in strained graphene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretching and Tunability of Graphene‐Based Passive Terahertz Components

Батраков

Volynets

Paddubskaya

et al. 2019

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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The dependence of transmission/absorption of terahertz (THz) radiation on strain in graphene is investigated experimentally and with the aid of ab initio calculations. By applying strain to chosen graphene layer(s), the effective sheet conductance can be fine‐tuned to necessary value to design tunable passive THz components (such as shields, filters, polarizers, etc.) utilizing the high absorption ability of graphene. The positive influence of non‐perfectness of chemically vapor deposited (CVD) graphene for strong tunability versus mechanical deformations is also discussed.

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“…(a) Crystal structure of Bernal (ABA) and rhombohedral (ABC) stacked multilayer graphene. (b) Cartoon of symmetric, asymmetric, inner (red) and outer (blue) double resonant Raman processes in trilayer graphene.the 2D double resonant Raman spectrum has been obtained only for graphene [19][20][21] and bilayer graphene [17]. Even the basic case of bulk Bernal graphite is not completely understood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the 2D double resonant Raman spectrum has been obtained only for graphene [19][20][21] and bilayer graphene [17]. Even the basic case of bulk Bernal graphite is not completely understood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

First-principles determination of the Raman fingerprint of rhombohedral graphite

Torche

Mauri

Charlier

et al. 2017

Phys. Rev. Materials

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Multi-layer graphene with rhombohedral stacking is a promising carbon phase possibly displaying correlated states like magnetism or superconductivity due to the occurrence of a flat surface band at the Fermi level. Recently, flakes of thickness up to 17 layers were tentatively attributed ABC sequences although the Raman fingerprint of rhombohedral multilayer graphene is currently unknown and the 2D resonant Raman spectrum of Bernal graphite not understood. We provide a first principles description of the 2D Raman peak in three and four layers graphene (all stackings) as well as in Bernal, rhombohedral and an alternation of Bernal and rhombohedral graphite. We give practical prescriptions to identify long range sequences of ABC multi-layer graphene. Our work is a prerequisite to experimental non-destructive identification and synthesis of rhombohedral graphite.Bernal graphite [1] with AB stacked graphene is the most stable form of graphite. Recently, however, rhombohedral stacked multi-layers graphene (RMG) with ABC stacking, see Fig. 1 (a), attracted an increasing attention as theoretical calculations suggest the occurrence of a dispersionless electronic band (bandwith smaller than 2 meV) at the Fermi level [2, 3]. This flat band with extremely large effective mass, constitutes a very promising candidate for highly correlated states of matter such as magnetism [4] or room-temperature superconductivity [5].As ABC-stacked graphite is metastable [6], the synthesis of long sequences of ABC graphene layers is a real challenge. For a random sequence of N graphene layers stacked along the c axis, a purely statistical argument states that the probability to obtain N layers with ABC order is 1/2 N −1 . In reality the probability is even lower as all stackings are not equally probable as energetics favour the Bernal one with respect to the others. This explains why three and four layer graphene flakes with ABC-stacking are systematically found [7-9], while it is highly unprobable to obtain long range ABC-stacking order. Recently, it has been suggested that pentalayers graphene with rhombohedral stacking can be grown epitaxially on 3C-SiC(111) [10]. Finally, Henni et al. [11] were able to isolate multilayer graphene flakes with ABC sequences exceeding 17 graphene sheets. However, while for three and four ABC stacked graphene layers an optical signature exists [7, 8], a clear fingerprint of long-range rombohedral order is lacking.Raman spectroscopy, and in particular the 2D double resonant Raman peak, has proven to be a very powerful technique to investigate structural and physical properties of graphene flakes. It can be used to count the number of layers [12], detect charged impurities [13], measure the strain-induced deformation of the electronic structure [14,15], measure the phonon dispersion [16,17] and many other properties (for a review see [18]). However, despite its crucial importance, the theoretical understanding of Figure 1. (a) Crystal structure of Bernal (ABA) and rhombohedral (ABC) stacked multilayer graphen...

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Theoretical2DRaman band of strained graphene

Cited by 23 publications

References 23 publications

Doping- and interference-free measurement of I2D/IG in suspended monolayer graphene blisters

Doping- and interference-free measurement of I2D/IG in suspended monolayer graphene blisters

Stretching and Tunability of Graphene‐Based Passive Terahertz Components

First-principles determination of the Raman fingerprint of rhombohedral graphite

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