Theoretical studies of ionic conductivity of crosslinked chitosan membranes

Chávez, Ernesto López; Oviedo‐Roa, Raúl; Contreras-Pérez, Gustavo; Martínez-Magadán, José Manuel; Castillo-Alvarado, F. L.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.06.083

Cited by 47 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The ionic conductivity values of the novel membranes prepared in this work are shown in Table . CS membrane shows a specific conductivity 0.070 mS cm −1 , which agrees with other CS membranes reported in the literature, where theoretical ionic conductivity values of 0.123 mS cm −1 at 25°C and experimental ionic conductivities of about 0.1 mS cm −1 are given. In this work, the incorporation of IL, AM‐4, UZAR‐S3 or Sn, increased the specific conductivity of pristine CS membranes.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Preparation and characterization of novel chitosan‐based mixed matrix membranes resistant in alkaline media

García‐Cruz

Casado-Coterillo

Iniesta

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this work, mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) based on chitosan (CS) and different fillers (room temperature ionic liquid [emim][OAc] (IL), metallic Sn powder, layered titanosilicate AM‐4 and layered stannosilicate UZAR‐S3) were prepared by solution casting. The room temperature electrical conductivity and electrochemical response in strong alkaline medium were measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The ionic conductivity of pure CS membranes was enhanced, from 0.070 to 0.126 mS cm−1, for the pristine CS and Sn/CS membranes, respectively, as a function of the hydrophilic nature of the membrane and the coordination state of Sn. This hydrophilic and charge nature was corroborated by water uptake measurements, where only the introduction of IL in the CS membrane led to a water uptake of 3.96 wt %, 20 or 30 times lower than the other membranes. Good thermal and chemical stability in alkaline media were observed by thermogravimetric analyses and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses, respectively, and good interaction between CS and the fillers observed by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and CV. Thus, thin CS‐based MMMs (40–139 µm), resistant in high alkaline media, show higher conductivity than pure CS membranes, especially those fillers containing tin, and although the electrochemical performance is lower than commercially available anion‐exchange membranes they have potential in pervaporation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42240.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Preparation and characterization of novel chitosan‐based mixed matrix membranes resistant in alkaline media

García‐Cruz

Casado-Coterillo

Iniesta

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…This occurrence indicated that as the duration of chitosan's dissociation into the sulfuric acid increased, a high concentration of H + ions was produced, which then occupied the SO4 2− ions, thereby proving that the SO4 2− ions were incorporated with NH3 + groups to form ionic bridges between CS polymer chains [189,190]. Improved ionic conduction occurs preferably in the amorphous phase, in which cross-linking ensures the reduced crystallinity phase of CS [186,191]. Ma et al [192] prepared a cross-linked CS (CCS) membrane with sulphuric acid as cross-linking agent, which was then operated in direct borohydride fuel cell.…”

Section: Chemical Cross-linkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cross-linking is a common chemical modification method to ensure the good chemical and mechanical stability of CS and make CS insoluble in aqueous medium. CS membrane is cross-linked to reduce its high crystallinity properties and hence improve its water absorption and ionic transport through the membrane [186]. Cross-linking methods include chemical, physical, and oxidative cross-linking [187].…”

Section: Chemical Cross-linkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pauliukaite et al [194] stated that various dialdehydes, such as glyoxal and GA, are used to perform covalent cross-linking on -NH 2 sites, thereby forming stable imine bonds between the amine groups of CS polymer and aldehyde groups. Figure 15 shows the cross-linking process of CS by using GA as cross-linking agent through Schiff's base reaction, where an imine group is formed when the aldehyde group from the GA reacts with the amine group from CS matrix [186]. CS consists of both OH and NH 2 groups.…”

Section: Chemical Cross-linkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Chitosan-Based Polymers as Proton Exchange Membranes and Roles of Chitosan-Supported Ionic Liquids

Rosli

Loh

Wong

et al. 2020

IJMS

106

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Perfluorosulphonic acid-based membranes such as Nafion are widely used in fuel cell applications. However, these membranes have several drawbacks, including high expense, non-eco-friendliness, and low proton conductivity under anhydrous conditions. Biopolymer-based membranes, such as chitosan (CS), cellulose, and carrageenan, are popular. They have been introduced and are being studied as alternative materials for enhancing fuel cell performance, because they are environmentally friendly and economical. Modifications that will enhance the proton conductivity of biopolymer-based membranes have been performed. Ionic liquids, which are good electrolytes, are studied for their potential to improve the ionic conductivity and thermal stability of fuel cell applications. This review summarizes the development and evolution of CS biopolymer-based membranes and ionic liquids in fuel cell applications over the past decade. It also focuses on the improved performances of fuel cell applications using biopolymer-based membranes and ionic liquids as promising clean energy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 632 2 of 52 used to exchange protons from the anode to the cathode [1]. PEMFCs are light, highly efficient, and compact. They operate at relatively low temperatures (≈80 • C), have high power density, and are suitable for various applications. Figure 1 shows that PEMFC consists of various important elements, namely, bipolar plates, diffusion layers, electrodes (anode and cathode), and an electrolyte. The core of a PEMFC is a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) composed of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) placed between two electrodes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 53 Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 632 3 of 52Polysaccharides, such as chitosan (CS) and cellulose, are among the best natural polymer materials because of their abundance in the environment. CS is a linear polysaccharide consisting of randomly distributed β-(1-4)-linked d-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (acetylated unit), which is produced by the deacetylation of chitin. CS has high water affinity properties as there is the presence of three different polar functional groups, which are hydroxyl (-OH), primary amine (-NH 2 ), and C-O-C groups. CS has a structure that is very similar to cellulose, but the difference among them is that CS contains amine groups and its structure is characterized by its molecular weight and degree of deacetylation, where its solubility is depended on [7].CS has rigid structure and high crystallinity as there are three hydrogen atoms strongly bonded between the amino and hydroxyl groups within the CS monomers, due to the immobilized structure, which leads to its proton conduction limitation. Moreover, CS has attractive physicochemical properties in aqueous solution due to its polycationic nature and this leads to wide range of biological purposes such as antimicrobial activity and disease resistance activities in plants [8]. CS membranes are one of the most preferable and favorable materials to re...

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“…They are also electrochemically stable, and their byproducts are not combustible. These properties are very beneficial for the performance of batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells 19 . A hydrogel electrolyte must also have favorable mechanical properties and be compatible with the electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between morphological properties and ionic conductivity in an electrolyte based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) and poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)

Patrício

Matencio

et al. 2013

Mat. Res.

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Materials based on a mixture of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and LiClO 4 were produced to evaluate their ionic behavior and morphological structure to determine if they can be used as an electrolyte in electrical devices. FTIR chemical analysis results indicated the presence of interactions between PVDF, PHEMA and LiClO 4 . MDSC results showed that the transition temperatures of the polymers shifted to higher temperatures for systems containing high concentrations of each polymer. SEM images indicated that there was some miscibility between the polymers especially for the 25 and 75 wt. % compositions. In terms of the electrical performance, the ionic conductivity level of the electrolyte could be controlled by changing the composition of the system.

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Theoretical studies of ionic conductivity of crosslinked chitosan membranes

Cited by 47 publications

References 26 publications

Preparation and characterization of novel chitosan‐based mixed matrix membranes resistant in alkaline media

Preparation and characterization of novel chitosan‐based mixed matrix membranes resistant in alkaline media

Review of Chitosan-Based Polymers as Proton Exchange Membranes and Roles of Chitosan-Supported Ionic Liquids

Correlation between morphological properties and ionic conductivity in an electrolyte based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) and poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)

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