“…The advancement of a viable economic method of waste management for the coloring industry has long been essential for protecting the environment. In order to clean wastewater and eliminate dyes, numerous treatment approaches have been employed, like photodegradation (Ait Ahsaine et al 2018;Naciri et al 2018Naciri et al , 2019aNaciri et al , 2019bNaciri et al , 2020aNaciri et al , 2020bNaciri et al , 2021Chennah et al 2019;Erdogan et al 2019;Shaim et al 2019;Barebita et al 2020;Bouziani et al 2020Bouziani et al , 2021Akhsassi et al 2021;Mimouni et al 2021), biological oxidation (Paz et al 2017;Sathishkumar et al 2019), nanofiltration membranes (Saffaj et al 2005), ozonation (Oguz et al 2005;Gharbani et al 2008), and adsorption (Kizito et al 2017a(Kizito et al , 2017bAjmal et al 2018Ajmal et al , 2020aAjmal et al , 2020bAarab et al 2020aAarab et al , 2020bBa Mohammed et al 2020). The latter is enhanced compared to other wastewater treatment methods in terms of its preliminary expense, flexibility, easiness of layout, ease of function, and insensitivity toward toxic pollutants (Benafqir et al 2019;Hsini et al 2020aHsini et al , 2021aHsini et al , 2021b.…”