Theoretical study on the mechanisms of the decomposition of nitrate esters and the stabilization of aromatic amines

Sun, Yang; Ni, Shuang; Pan, Xiumei

doi:10.1007/s00894-019-4245-7

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…It directly causes the deterioration of storage properties and life and influences the safety of storage and use of nitratebased energetic materials [8]. To restrain this problem, researchers add alkalescent chemical stabilizers, which can efficiently prevent or delay the further decomposition of NC through trapping NO x , into the components of nitrate-based energetic materials in practice [9][10][11]. Generally, stabilizers can be categorized into aromatic amines and urea derivatives, such as N-methyl-4-nitroaniline (MNA), diphenylamine (DPA), 2-nitro-diphenylamine, Akardite-II, and 1,3-diethyl-1,3-diphenylurea (C2) [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Aniline Stabilizers on Nitrocellulose Based on Isothermal Thermal Decomposition

Luo

Jin

Chai

et al. 2020

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The effects of various aniline stabilizers on the thermal stability of nitrocellulose (NC) were investigated via isothermal thermal decomposition dynamics. The pressuretime curves of NC/stabilizer composites were found to have a distinct inflection point, which was not observed on the pressure-time curves of NC. The effects of stabilizers on the isothermal thermal decomposition kinetics of NC were evaluated using Arrhenius equation and model-fitting method, and the effect of stabilizers on the storage time of NC was estimated using Berthelot equation. Results showed that the activation energy of NC/MNA, NC/ENA, NC/i-PNA, and NC/n-BNA before the inflection point were 162.9, 153.3, 147.4, and 150.6 kJ mol À 1 , respectively, which were significantly increased compared with that of pure NC (144.7 kJ mol À 1 ). Furthermore, the time required for the decomposition extent of NC/MNA, NC/ENA, NC/i-PNA, and NC/n-BNA to reach 0.1 % were 24.9, 11.2, 16.7, and 11.2 years, respectively, at 298.15 K, which was longer than that required of NC (10.6 years). UV-vis revealed that the stabilizers were almost consumed when the NC/stabilizer thermal decomposition pressure-time curve reached the inflection point. Based on the above results, the stability order was MNA > i-PNA > ENA > n-BNA as the criterion for time of the inflection point.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Aniline Stabilizers on Nitrocellulose Based on Isothermal Thermal Decomposition

Luo

Jin

Chai

et al. 2020

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…Double-base propellants contains many nitrate compounds, including nitrocellulose (NC) and nitroglycerin (NG), which decompose to generate nitroxide radicals during long-term storage. NC is a highly flammable polymer formed by nitrating cellulose via exposure to nitric acid or another powerful nitrating agent; it has usually been applied to various military and civilian applications − It is noteworthy that these nitroxide radicals accelerate the decomposition of nitrate compounds, thus deteriorating the propellant’s performance, burning, and even explosion. − The stabilizers are usually added to the propellants by absorbing the nitrogen oxides produced from nitrate compound decomposition to improve stability, thereby restraining further autocatalytic decomposition of the nitrate compounds. − The stabilizers commonly applied to double-base propellants are mainly aniline and urea derivatives, − such as diphenylamine (DPA), 2-nitrodiphenylamine (2-NDPA), N -methyl- p -nitroaniline (MNA), N , N’ -diethyl- N , N’ -diphenylurea (C1), N , N’ -dimethyl- N , N’ -diphenylurea (C2), 1,1-diphenylurea (AK-I), and 3-methyl-1,1-diphenylurea (AK-II). Among them, DPA, 2-NDPA, and MNA are basic and can rapidly combine with nitrogen oxides, inhibiting the autocatalytic decomposition of nitrate compounds and stabilizing the propellants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fullerene Stabilizer 4,11,15,30-Tetraarylamino Fullerenoarylaziridine: Regioselective Synthesis, Crystallographic Characterization Derivatives, and Potential Application as Propellant Stabilizer

Chai

Luo

Jin

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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The safe storage of propellants has become increasingly challenging because of extreme storage and operational environments. Hence, high-performance stabilizers should be urgently developed to improve the stability of propellants. In consideration of the stability mechanism of stabilizers and the excellent free radical scavenging ability of fullerenes, we synthesized six fullerene stabilizers, 4,11,15,30-tetraarylamino fullerenoarylaziridines, through the nucleophilic substitution reaction of hexachlorofullerene (C 60 Cl 6 ) and corresponding aromatic amines with high yields. Their structures were adequately confirmed by HRMS, FT-IR, UV−vis, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The results of methyl violet test paper and thermogravimetric analysis manifested that the stabilities of these multifunctional fullerene derivatives to nitrocellulose were remarkably better than traditional stabilizers, such as N, N′-dimethyl-N, N′-diphenylurea and diphenylamine. Further electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and FT-IR analysis reasonably revealed that this excellent stability ascribed the efficient scavenging ability for nitroxide radicals produced by nitrocellulose pyrolysis, thereby inhibiting the autocatalytic decomposition of nitrocellulose.

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Molecular simulation study of the stabilization process of NEPE propellant

Kong¹,

Dong²,

Jiang³

et al. 2023

Defence Technology

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Theoretical study on the mechanisms of the decomposition of nitrate esters and the stabilization of aromatic amines

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

The Effects of Aniline Stabilizers on Nitrocellulose Based on Isothermal Thermal Decomposition

The Effects of Aniline Stabilizers on Nitrocellulose Based on Isothermal Thermal Decomposition

Fullerene Stabilizer 4,11,15,30-Tetraarylamino Fullerenoarylaziridine: Regioselective Synthesis, Crystallographic Characterization Derivatives, and Potential Application as Propellant Stabilizer

Molecular simulation study of the stabilization process of NEPE propellant

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