Theranostic nanobubble encapsulating a plasmon-enhanced upconversion hybrid nanosystem for cancer therapy

Abstract

Nanobubble (NB), which simultaneously enhances ultrasound (US) images and access therapeutic platforms, is required for future cancer treatment.Methods: We designed a theranostic agent for novel cancer treatment by using an NB-encapsulated hybrid nanosystem that can be monitored by US and fluorescent imaging and activated by near-infrared (NIR) light. The nanosystem was transported to the tumor through the enhanced permeability and retention effect. The hybrid nanosystem comprised upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) and mesoporous silica-coated gold nanorod (AuNR@mS) with the photosensitizer merocyanine 540 to realize dual phototherapy.Results: With the NIR light-triggered, the luminous intensity of the UCNP was enhanced by doping holmium ion and emitted visible green and red lights at 540 and 660 nm. The high optical density state between the UCNP and AuNR@mS can induce plasmonic enhancement to improve the photothermal and photodynamic effects, resulting in cell death by apoptosis. The nanosystem showed excellent stability to avoid the aggregation of nanoparticles during the treatment. JC-1 dye was used as an indicator of mitochondrial membrane potential to identify the mechanism of cell death. The results of in vitro and in vivo analyses confirmed the curative effect of improved dual phototherapy.Conclusion: We developed and showed the therapeutic functions of a novel nanosystem with the combination of multiple theranostic nanoplatforms that can be triggered and activated by 808 nm NIR laser and US.

Recent Advances in Photosensitizers as Multifunctional Theranostic Agents for Imaging-Guided Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer

“…Upon excitation with a 980 nm laser, UCNPs showed both red and green emission, used to visualize tumors with UCLI and also demonstrated efficacious PDT outcomes 93 . Similarly, excitation of MC540-AuNR@UCNP@NBUCL with 808 nm laser allowed high-resolution UCLI of tumors by upconverted green and red lights at 520 nm and 654 nm along with AuNR@UCNP energy transfer mediated PDT by Merocyanine 540 94 .…”

External and Internal Stimuli-Responsive Metallic Nanotherapeutics for Enhanced Anticancer Therapy

“…Compared to other vapor bubbles which are generated through high temperature and ultrasound irradiation, PNB can thermally insulate the outer membrane of the NPs to reduce the side effects by thermal damaging. Localization of PNB is determined in a nanoscale area surrounded by the plasmonic NPs: PNB cannot generate in an NP -free area which significantly enhances the external control and therapeutic performances (Huang et al, 2020b ). Formation of PNB can be personalized by the power sources and it can be optically monetarized through different probes.…”

“…Formation of PNB can be personalized by the power sources and it can be optically monetarized through different probes. PNB can be utilized for the detection and elimination of cancer cells with different combinational anticancer therapy (Huang et al, 2020b ).…”

Core–shell gold nanorod@mesoporous-MOF heterostructures for combinational phototherapy

“…[43][44][45][46][47][48][49] In particular, bifunctional PTT/PDT agents are more promising for oncotherapies due to their enhanced efficacy. [50][51][52][53][54] Recently, we reported the trace water mediated growth of oriented single-crystalline mesoporous MOFs on the surface of gold nanorods (AuNRs). 55 Herein, we explore the potential of the core-shell AuNR@MOF heterostructures with an individual AuNR as the core and mesoporous porphyrinic MOFs as the shell for combinational PDT and PTT against tumors (Scheme 1).…”