Therapeutic Application of Exosomes in Inflammatory Diseases

Suh, Ju Hun; Joo, Hyeon Su; Hong, Eun Be; Lee, Hyeon Ji; Lee, Jung Min

doi:10.3390/ijms22031144

Cited by 48 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 178 publications

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“…Serum and synovial fluid have been very useful in providing information on the preclinical state of patients with RA. Accordingly, we focused our biomarker search on miRNAs packaged in serum-derived exosomes (exomiRNAS), as exomiRNAs have potential as diagnostic disease markers ( 22 ), and because they have the ability to regulate gene expression during disease onset, and are, therefore, good candidates for putative target detection ( 41 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Serum Biomarker Panel of exomiR-451a, exomiR-25-3p and Soluble TWEAK for Early Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

et al. 2021

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BackgroundThe etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains poorly understood. Early and accurate diagnosis still difficult to achieve. Inflammatory related molecules released into the circulation such cytokines and exosome-derived microRNAs (exomiRNAs) could be good candidates for early diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. We sought to discover a serum biomarker panel for the early detection of RA based on exomiRNAs and inflammatory markers.MethodsA 179 miRNAs-microarray panel was analyzed in a pilot study (4 early RA and 4 controls). Validation of deregulated exomiRNAs was performed in a larger cohort (24 patients with early RA and 24 controls). miRNet software was used to predict exomiRNA gene-targets interactions. Potentially altered pathways were analyzed by Reactome pathway database search. STRING database was used to predict protein-protein interaction networks. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum levels of sTWEAK and sCD163. Signature biomarker candidates were statistical analyzed.ResultsWe detected 11 differentially expressed exomiRNAs in early RA pilot study. Validation analysis revealed that 6/11 exomiRNAs showed strong agreement with the pilot microarray data (exomiR-144-3p, -25-3p, -15a-5p, -451a, -107 and -185-5p). sTWEAK and sCD163 biomarkers were significantly elevated in the serum of patients with early RA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the best panel to diagnose early RA contained exomiR-451a, exomiR-25-3p and sTWEAK, and could correctly classify 95.6% of patients, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.983 and with 100% specificity and 85.7% sensitivity. The YWHAB gene was identified as a common target of the putative miRNA-regulated pathways.ConclusionA novel serum biomarker panel composed of exomiR-451a, exomiR-25-3p and serum levels of sTWEAK may have use in the early clinical diagnosis of RA. A new predicted exomiRNA-target gene YHWAB has been identified and may have a relevant role in the development of RA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Serum Biomarker Panel of exomiR-451a, exomiR-25-3p and Soluble TWEAK for Early Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

et al. 2021

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“…Interestingly, enough research has shown that MSCs exert therapeutic effects by secreting EVs, not by a differentiation mechanism (69,70). In line with this finding, MSC-derived exosomes have demonstrated regenerative potential, immune-modulatory functions, and antiinflammatory effects (71).…”

Section: Exosome-based Therapeutics For Treating Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 90%

Hyper-inflammatory responses in COVID-19 and anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches

Choi¹,

Shin

2022

BMB Rep

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Patients with severe COVID-19 exhibit hyper-inflammatory responses characterized by excessive activation of myeloid cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils, and a plethora of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Accumulating evidence also indicates that hyperinflammation is a driving factor for severe progression of the disease, which has prompted the development of anti-inflammatory therapies for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Corticosteroids, IL-6R inhibitors, and JAK inhibitors have demonstrated promising results in treating patients with severe disease. In addition, diverse forms of exosomes that exert anti-inflammatory functions have been tested experimentally for the treatment of COVID-19. Here, we briefly describe the immunological mechanisms of the hyper-inflammatory responses in patients with severe COVID-19. We also summarize current anti-inflammatory therapies for the treatment of severe COVID-19 and novel exosome-based therapeutics that are in experimental stages.

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“…Exosomes are secreted by most cells and can have powerful immunomodulatory functions depending on the kind of cell. Exosomes play a role in inflammatory processes that are significant in diseases like carcinoma, IBD, diabetes (type 2), obesity, rheumatism, and neurological disorders [ 158 ]. The discovery of a link between inflammation and changes in some exosomal cargos’ type or expression level is the first step toward finding potential new biomarkers of inflammatory disorders.…”

Section: Therapeutic Applications Of Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes as New Generation Vehicles for Drug Delivery: Biomedical Applications and Future Perspectives

Rajput

Varshney²,

Bajaj³

et al. 2022

Molecules

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Currently, particular interest among the scientific community is focused on exploring the use of exosomes for several pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. This is due to the identification of the role of exosomes as an excellent intercellular communicator by delivering the requisite cargo comprising of functional proteins, metabolites and nucleic acids. Exosomes are the smallest extracellular vesicles (EV) with sizes ranging from 30–100 nm and are derived from endosomes. Exosomes have similar surface morphology to cells and act as a signal transduction channel between cells. They encompass different biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, thus rendering them naturally as an attractive drug delivery vehicle. Like the other advanced drug delivery systems, such as polymeric nanoparticles and liposomes to encapsulate drug substances, exosomes also gained much attention in enhancing therapeutic activity. Exosomes present many advantages, such as compatibility with living tissues, low toxicity, extended blood circulation, capability to pass contents from one cell to another, non-immunogenic and special targeting of various cells, making them an excellent therapeutic carrier. Exosome-based molecules for drug delivery are still in the early stages of research and clinical trials. The problems and clinical transition issues related to exosome-based drugs need to be overcome using advanced tools for better understanding and systemic evaluation of exosomes. In this current review, we summarize the most up-to-date knowledge about the complex biological journey of exosomes from biogenesis and secretion, isolation techniques, characterization, loading methods, pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications, challenges and future perspectives of exosomes.

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Therapeutic Application of Exosomes in Inflammatory Diseases

Cited by 48 publications

References 178 publications

A Serum Biomarker Panel of exomiR-451a, exomiR-25-3p and Soluble TWEAK for Early Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

A Serum Biomarker Panel of exomiR-451a, exomiR-25-3p and Soluble TWEAK for Early Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Hyper-inflammatory responses in COVID-19 and anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches

Exosomes as New Generation Vehicles for Drug Delivery: Biomedical Applications and Future Perspectives

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