Therapeutic Considerations and Interventions for Psychopathy

Ruiter, Corine de; Hildebrand, Martín

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-83156-1_14

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Remarkably, the Affective facet showed the largest change: from 7 to 1; the Interpersonal facet decreased from 4 to 1. This finding, although just an N = 1 result, challenges the notion that affective and interpersonal features of psychopathy are immutable ( [133]; see [134] for further argumentation).…”

Section: Implications For Theory and Clinical Practicementioning

confidence: 78%

A meta-analysis of childhood maltreatment in relation to psychopathic traits

et al. 2022

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Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by a mix of traits belonging to four facets: affective (e.g., callous/lack of empathy), interpersonal (e.g., grandiosity), behavioral instability (e.g., impulsivity, poor behavioral controls), and social deviance (e.g., juvenile delinquency, criminal versatility). Several scholars have argued that early childhood maltreatment impacts the development of psychopathy, although views regarding its role in the four facets differ. We conducted a meta-analysis including 47 studies comprising a total of 389 effect sizes and 12,737 participants, to investigate the association between psychopathy and four types of child maltreatment: physical abuse, emotional abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse. We found support for a moderate link between overall psychopathy and childhood physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect, as well as overall childhood maltreatment. The link between psychopathy and childhood sexual abuse was small, but still statistically significant. These associations were stronger for the behavioral and antisocial facets than for the affective and interpersonal facets of psychopathy, but nearly all associations were statistically significant. Our findings are consistent with recently developed theories on the role of complex trauma in the development of severe personality disorders. Trauma-focused preventive and therapeutic interventions can provide further tests of the trauma-psychopathy hypothesis.

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Section: Implications For Theory and Clinical Practicementioning

confidence: 78%

A meta-analysis of childhood maltreatment in relation to psychopathic traits

et al. 2022

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“…Psychopathy is a severe personality disorder characterized by affective, interpersonal, and behavioral symptoms (Burghart & Mier, 2022;Cleckley, 1988;Hare, 2003;Vitacco & Kosson, 2010). It is referred to as one of the most important constructs in forensic psychology (Gillespie, Jones, et al, 2022) as it is strongly associated with aggression (Porter et al, 2018), violent and criminal conduct (Dhingra & Boduszek, 2013), therapeutic challenges (de Ruiter & Hildebrand, 2022), and high recidivism rates (Douglas et al, 2018). A diagnosis of psychopathy is generally made using the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 2003), a semi-structured interview that divides psychopathy into two factors (Factor 1: Interpersonal/Affective; Factor 2: Social Deviance) or four facets (affective, interpersonal, lifestyle, and antisocial;Hare, 2003).…”

Section: Executive Functions In Psychopathy: a Meta-analysis Of Inhib...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive functions in psychopathy: A meta-analysis of inhibition, planning, shifting, and working memory performance

Burghart¹,

Schmidt²,

Mier³

2023

Preprint

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Much research has focused on executive function (EF) impairments in psychopathy. However, it is still unclear to what extent these deficits are present and, more importantly, which EF domains are impaired. The present meta-analysis answers this question by synthesizing the results of 50 studies involving 5,694 participants from 12 different countries. Using multilevel random-effects models, we pooled effect sizes for four different EF domains: Inhibition, planning, shifting, and working memory. Our analyses yielded small deficits in inhibition and planning performance. However, a closer inspection of psychopathy factors indicated that EF deficits were specific to lifestyle/antisocial traits, with impairments in inhibition, planning, and working memory. In contrast, the interpersonal/affective traits of psychopathy were associated with better shifting performance. These findings suggest that EF deficits are not a key feature of psychopathic individuals per se, but rather are related to antisociality. Implications for future research and treatment as well as suspected prefrontal impairments in psychopathy are discussed.

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“…A more optimistic view regarding the treatability of psychopaths has superseded the traditional view that these individuals are untreatable, for example, Polaschek and Skeem (2018), Wong (2018), and De Ruiter and Hildebrand (2022). The last‐mentioned suggested that there is no empirical evidence to support the thesis that psychopathic offenders are generally unresponsive to treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They suggested that it will be important to show that basic psychopathic tendencies are amenable to change and that these changes relate to improved long‐term outcomes. In their recent review, De Ruiter and Hildebrand (2022) noted that, at the time of their review, no randomized controlled trials of treatment effectiveness for psychopathy had been published in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of two treatments on interpersonal, affective, and lifestyle features of psychopathy and emotion dysregulation

Mohajerin,

Howard

2023

Personality & Mental Health

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This study investigated the relative efficacy of Mentalization‐based therapy (MBT) and United Protocol (UP) in reducing symptoms of psychopathy and emotion dysregulation in a sample of Iranian community residents with concurrent diagnoses of antisocial and borderline personality disorders (PDs). Interpersonal, affective, and lifestyle features of psychopathy were measured post‐treatment and at 6‐, 12‐, 18‐, 24‐, and 36‐months follow‐up using the 13‐item version of the Psychopathy Revised‐Checklist (PCL‐R), which excluded, by design, criminal history features. Emotion dysregulation was measured using the Deficits in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) developed by Gratz and Roemer (2004). After treatment, both UP‐ and MBT‐treated individuals showed significantly fewer features of psychopathy and significantly less emotion dysregulation. Compared with those treated with MBT, UP‐treated individuals showed significantly less emotion dysregulation in all DERS subscales and a greater reduction in psychopathy features, particularly affective features. It is suggested that this likely reflected the particular emphasis placed by UP on improving emotional self‐regulation and facilitating the therapeutic alliance. These results suggest that, despite the traditional pessimism that surrounds psychopathic individuals' treatability, they can be successfully treated.

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Therapeutic Considerations and Interventions for Psychopathy

Cited by 3 publications

References 61 publications

A meta-analysis of childhood maltreatment in relation to psychopathic traits

A meta-analysis of childhood maltreatment in relation to psychopathic traits

Executive functions in psychopathy: A meta-analysis of inhibition, planning, shifting, and working memory performance

Effects of two treatments on interpersonal, affective, and lifestyle features of psychopathy and emotion dysregulation

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