Therapeutic failure in a case of aversion therapy

Thorpe, J. G.; Schmidt, Elsa

doi:10.1016/0005-7967(63)90043-3

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…, Davison (1968), Farrar, Powell, and Martin (1968), Freeman andKendrick (1960), Hogan (1966), Kraft (1967), Marks and Gelder (1965), Meyer and Crisp (1966), Meyer and Gelder (1963), Sanderson, Campbell, and Laverty (1963), Thorpe and Schmidt (1964), Thorpe, Schmidt, and Castell (1963), and Weinberg and Zaslove (1963). This evidence is duscussed in greater detail in another paper.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Behavior therapy in retrospect: Patients' feelings about their behavior therapies.

Ryan¹,

Gizynski²

1971

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

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Fourteen behavior therapy patients were interviewed to determine if phenomena regularly observed in psychodynamic psychotherapies had occurred in their behavior therapies as well. Interview data were analyzed both statistically and clinically. Ratings by patients, their therapists, and the Es indicated that the prevalence of behavior modification techniques in the therapy was not significantly related to outcome, whereas a variety of the patients' personal feelings about their therapists were. Impressionistic analysis of the interviews also suggested that the important elements of these therapies were interpersonal ones, much as has been demonstrated in psychodynamic psychotherapy. The behavior modification techniques themselves seem to have added little to the therapies, and in some instances may even have facilitated continued defensive avoidance of problems.A careful reading of the proliferating behavior therapy literature reveals that the model of therapist and patient, rationally cooperating to the fullest in a straightforward, scientific enterprise, is met with only in theory and rarely, if ever, in actual practice. The observations of Klein, Dittmann, Parloff, and Gill (1969), for example, suggest that there is much more to the conduct of behavior therapy-at least as it is practiced by Wolpe and Lazarus--than is generally believed. If one pays close attention to patients' words and actions, as they are quoted or described in behavior therapy case reports, one is struck by the variety and intensity of feelings these treatments elicit, and the substantial portion of those feelings which is irrational, unreasonable, and even theoretically iconoclastic-precisely the same situation as exists in traditional, psychodynamic psychotherapy. Some of the authors who describe feelings which are similar to those arising in verbal psychotherapy include the following: Bond and Hutchison (1960), Carter (1968), Cooper, Gelder, and

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mentioning

confidence: 91%

Behavior therapy in retrospect: Patients' feelings about their behavior therapies.

Ryan¹,

Gizynski²

1971

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

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“…Heterosexually-oriented stimuli (slides of nude women, heterosexually-related words) have been paired with positively reinforcing stimuli or the termination of aversive stimuli by a number of investigators (Feldman and MacCulloch, 1964;Freund, 1960;James, 1962;Solyom and Miller, 1965), but a suprisingly large percentage of studies have paired aversive stimuli with homosexual stimuli without association of positive reinforcement or aversion relief to heterosexual stimuli (Marks, 1968;McGuire and Vallance, 1964;Thorpe and Schmidt, 1964): these studies have, in effect, punished a particular response without providing an alternative response to secure the sexual reinforcement. The experimental literature is replete with evidence that this technique is relatively ineffective in reducing the target response (Azrin and Holz, 1966).…”

Section: Current Behavior Therapy Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning theory and the treatment of homosexuality.

Haynes¹

1970

Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice

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“…Fundamental to most behavioral treatment of sexual deviance has been the association of aversion with stimuli thought to control sexual behavior (Feldman, 1966;Rachman, 1961). Thorpe and Schmidt (1964), for example, paired noxious shock with photographs of nude men in a case of male homesexuality. There have also been a number of attempts to elaborate the basic classical conditioning paradigm to include avoidance learning (Feldman & MacCulloch, 1965), escape learning (Barker, 1965), and aversion-relief training (Fisher, 1968).…”

Section: University Of New Mexicomentioning

confidence: 99%