Therapeutic interventions to reduce the risk of progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Clinical trials have demonstrated that it is possible to prevent diabetes through lifestyle modification, pharmacological intervention, and surgery. This review aims to summarize the effectiveness of these various therapeutic interventions in reducing the risk of progression of prediabetes to diabetes, and address the challenges to implement a diabetes prevention program at a community level. Strategies focusing on intensive lifestyle changes are not only efficient but cost-effective and/or cost-saving. Indeed, lifestyle intervention in people at high risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been successful in achieving sustained behavioral changes and a reduction in diabetes incidence even after the counseling is stopped. Although prediabetes is associated with health and economic burdens, it has not been adequately addressed by interventions or regulatory agencies in terms of prevention or disease management. Lifestyle intervention strategies to prevent T2DM should be distinct for different populations around the globe and should emphasize sex, age, ethnicity, and cultural and geographical considerations to be feasible and to promote better compliance. The translation of diabetes prevention research at a population level, especially finding the most effective methods of preventing T2DM in various societies and cultural settings remains challenging, but must be accomplished to stop this worldwide epidemic.

Urtica dioica Whole Vegetable as a Functional Food Targeting Fat Accumulation and Insulin Resistance-a Preliminary Study in a Mouse Pre-Diabetic Model

“…Because of the high societal and economic cost of treating diabetes, timely intervention for insulin resistance has important medical, economic, social, and human implications. Therefore, conventional medications that address insulin resistance are a major focus for drug development [10].…”

Prediabetes, elevated iron and all-cause mortality: a cohort study

“…Such individuals would be targets for intensive interventions to reduce risk, including typical lifestyle interventions shown to help avoid the onset of diabetes in people at high risk. 32 Although more research is needed into the ability of interventions on iron in prediabetes to affect development of diabetes and mortality risk, some data suggest that reduction of TS improves HbA1c and glucose control. 33 …”

Screening for diabetes in dental settings

“…Studies indicate T2D can also be prevented in high-risk individuals through lifestyle modification, pharmacologic interventions, and bariatric surgery, however, the translation of this research to a population level, especially finding the most effective methods of preventing T2DM in various societies and cultural settings is challenging, but is a crucial priority (Portero McLellan, Wyne, Villagomez, & Hsueh, 2014).…”