2017
DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0493
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Therapy Sequencing Strategies in Multiple Myeloma: Who, What and Why?

Abstract: The past decade has witnessed a boom in the therapeutic landscape for the management of multiple myeloma. Improvement in the depth of response with novel combinations has resulted in a near doubling of the overall survival (OS) among patients with multiple myeloma (MM) [1,2]. Several new agents, including the third-generation immunomodulatory agent (IMiD) -pomalidomide, the second-generation proteasome inhibitors (PIs) -carfilzomib and ixazomib, the histone deacetylaste inhibitor -panobinostat, and two monoclo… Show more

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Cited by 5 publications
(3 citation statements)
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“…Targeted therapies, such as treatment with the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib in BRAF-mutated MM patients or BCL-2 inhibition with venetoclax for MM with t [ 4 , 14 ] are currently being used for treatment of relapsed and refractory MM (RRMM) [ 15 ]. Even with recent advances in therapy regimen, MM patients commonly develop drug resistance and relapse [ 30 , 31 ]. To explore novel therapies that target plasma cells to treat autoimmune diseases and MM, BC094916 was overexpressed in SP 2/0 cells (Fig.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Targeted therapies, such as treatment with the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib in BRAF-mutated MM patients or BCL-2 inhibition with venetoclax for MM with t [ 4 , 14 ] are currently being used for treatment of relapsed and refractory MM (RRMM) [ 15 ]. Even with recent advances in therapy regimen, MM patients commonly develop drug resistance and relapse [ 30 , 31 ]. To explore novel therapies that target plasma cells to treat autoimmune diseases and MM, BC094916 was overexpressed in SP 2/0 cells (Fig.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Another minor limitation of this protocol is that it is currently only compatible with flow cytometric analysis, and no sorting protocols have yet been established to isolate IRF4-positive cells for downstream functional or RNA analyses due to the necessary fixation and permeabilization steps. In addition, as new immunotherapy-based strategies continue to emerge for the treatment of MM ( Costello, 2017 ; Costello and Mikhael, 2018 ; Siegel et al., 2020 ), flow cytometry studies that rely on cell surface marker analysis of specific subpopulations of MM cells may become more challenging to interpret. We have noted one example of a situation in which it was not possible to analyze the IRF4 MFI within a CD38-positive population due to a lack of CD38-immunoreactive cells, which is likely related to that patient’s treatment status of active anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody therapy.…”
Section: Limitationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Characterized by abnormal expansion of malignant clonal progenitors and their immature antibody-producing plasma cell progeny, MM generally recurs and is refractory to further treatment within 5 years. Despite a plethora of novel therapies (Costello and Mikhael, 2018;Kumar et al, 2019;Stewart et al, 2015), treatment toxicities have presented new challenges for patients and clinicians (Paner et al, 2018). Moreover, disease relapse rates remain high, in part due to acquisition of drug resistance (Siegel et al, 2020), along with malignant regeneration of MM cells in inflammatory microenvironments (Bianchi and Ghobrial, 2014;Yaccoby, 2018).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%