Thermal analysis and enhanced visual technique for assessment of microplastics in fish from an Urban Harbor, Mediterranean Coast of Egypt

Microplastic pollution in African countries’ water systems: a review on findings, applied methods, characteristics, impacts, and managements

“…From this, it can be concluded that the larvae species studied are significantly seasonal dependents. Other reports confirmed that the important MPs identification studies in fish samples were carried out in Eastern Harbor from the Mediterranean Coast of Egypt (Shabaka et al 2020 ). A range of abundance with the three different species was recorded as 7527, 3593, and 1450 MPs fish −1 .…”

“…These processes have been used to remove interfering organic tissues and inorganic dust also. In this review, the degradation of impurities in the samples was found oxidation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) (Sparks 2020 ; Adika et al 2020 ; Shabaka et al 2020 ; Dahms et al 2020 ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) (Adeogun et al 2020 ; Oni et al 2020 ; Vilakati et al 2020 ), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (Biginagwa et al 2016 ). KOH and H 2 O 2 are most popular and reportedly found in the retrieved literature as well as worldwide used for effective treatment processes as an oxidizing agent.…”

“…In this review, different instrumental analytical techniques, dominantly Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR), and microscopic visualization was carried out for the identification and detections of MP polymeric types as shown in Table 1 . Only one report was found that thermal technique (differential scanning calorimetric, DSC) had been employed for the identifications of polymer types (Shabaka et al 2020 ). Interestingly, one study had used a combination of different instrumental techniques for effective quantification and qualifications of MPs from the marine water samples (Vilakati et al 2020 ).…”

“…Surface sediments collected using an Ekman grab sampler (HYDRO-BIOS) Physical separation of gastrointestinal tracts; 10% KOH Visual and ATR-FTIR 0.0002–385.2) mg/kg ww (35%)in Fish; and (400–124,000) particles/m 3 in sediments Merga et al ( 2020 ) South Africa KwaZulu-Natal Fish Fish species collected directly in KZN, South Africa Proteinase K digestion ATR-FTIR 0.79 ± 1.00 MP particles per fish in the 174 samples Naidoo et al ( 2020 ) Nigeria Yenagoa Surface water and sediments Teflon pump through stainless steel mesh, and with a grab on the top 5 cm NaCl (65%); NaI; and H 2 O 2 (30% v/v) Microscopic visualization 1004 to 8329 items m − 3 for the dry season and 201to 8369 items m − 3 for the raining season, respectively, for water; 347 to 4031 items kg − 1 and 507–7593 items kg − 1 for dry and rainy season, respectively, for sediment Oni et al ( 2020 ) Egypt Alexandria Fish Using fishing net with boat support. Washed by 0.2 μm filter 10% KOH solution Microscope visualization, Diffraction scanning calorimetry (DSC) 28 to 7527 MPs fish −1 for different fish species Shabaka et al ( 2020 ) South Africa Cape Town Mussel species Random searching, and stored into Ziploc bags with ice KOH (10% w/v) Visual with microscope 164 (98%). Equivalently 2.33 ± 0.2 MP particles /g and 4.27 ± 0.5 MP particle /mussel Sparks ( 2020 ) Algeria Northeast of Algeria with Surface Sediments Scraped by metal-cap...…”

“…Twenty types of research out of 32 publications on the MPs pollution research in the sea/ocean coastline, estuary, gulf, and bays have been reported as illustrated in Table 1 . Three studies of bays, gulfs, and coastlines from the Mediterranean Sea in Tunisian (Shabaka et al 2020 ), Egypt, and Algeria coast were first reported (Tata et al 2020 ). The identification of MPs pollution from sediment samples on the Tunisian coast in the Mediterranean Sea was first reported (Abidli et al 2018 ).…”