Thermal behavior and decomposition kinetics of CL-20-based plastic-bonded explosives

H, Zou; Chen, Shusen; Li, Xin; Shang, Fengqin; Ma, Xiao; Zhao, Jiangying; Shu, Qinghai

doi:10.1007/s10973-016-6074-6

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The lowest reactivity parameters were obtained for the μ‐Al and n‐B samples (Table ), but high burning enthalpy could compensate this drawback during the combustion process. For comparison, the temperatures of the oxidation peak obtained from DTA‐TG of HMX , CL‐20 and AP decomposition under the same conditions (10 K/min heating rate) are: 285 °C, 270 °C, and 295 °C, correspondingly. The characteristic temperatures of the beginning of decomposition reactions of oxidizers and explosives lay in a temperature range 240–300 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Aluminum Powders: III. Non‐Isothermal Oxidation and Combustion of Modern Aluminized Solid Propellants with Nanometals and Nanooxides

Gromov

Sergienko

Popenko

et al. 2020

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Aluminum powders were comprehensively described as the prospective ingredients of the modern propellants. The paper also studied the influence of micro-and nanopowders of metals (μ-Me and n-Me) and metal oxides (μ-MeO and n-MeO) on the burning process of modern aluminized propellant with HMX, CL-20, AP, and active binder. The following metal additives were used: Al, B, Zn, Ni, Co, and Mo. The effect of the following oxides CoO, V 2 O 5 , MnO 2, and Fe 2 O 3 was studied together with LiF. The combustion tests of modified propellant compositions were carried out in the Vielle bomb in a pressure range 2-10 MPa. n-Me addition resulted in an increase in the burning rate by 10 % for n-B, by 30-40 % for n-Ni and n-Mo in the studied pressure range. The introduction of n-Cu caused a burning rate to increase fivefold. n-Zn additive resulted in increasing of the propellant burning rate by 130 % and 260 % at 4 and 10 MPa, respectively. It was probably caused by the catalytic activity of those metals in the gaseous phase. The effect of complex additive was observed to be insignificant for additives with μ-Co 3 O 4 , μ-V 2 O 5 , μ-Fe 2 O 3 and n-Fe 2 O 3 . The burning rate of propellant with n-CuO additive value was higher by a factor of 4 in comparison with the basic formulation in the studied pressure range.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Aluminum Powders: III. Non‐Isothermal Oxidation and Combustion of Modern Aluminized Solid Propellants with Nanometals and Nanooxides

Gromov

Sergienko

Popenko

et al. 2020

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is most commonly conducted for liquid samples, but can also be conducted for solid samples (i.e., magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy). NMR spectroscopy enables investigation of the chemical surroundings of magnetic spin-bearing nuclei (e.g., 1 H, 13 C, 15 N, 29 Si and 31 P), with 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectroscopic measurements being by far the most common. As such, the method produces relatively extensive information about the structure of the investigated compounds, although it has less applicability to simple inorganic compounds and the products of their reactions.…”

Section: Methods Providing Structural Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The article [29] investigated formulas composed of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12hexaaza-tetracyclo-[5.5.0.05,9.03,11]-dodecane [CL-20] and various PBXs, in varying mass ratios.…”

Section: Case 8: Thermal Behavior and Decomposition Kinetics Of Cl-20...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the Mechanisms of Reactions in Energetic Materials: A Critical Methodology Review

Łysień,

Jarosz,

Głosz

et al. 2024

Fire

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Identification of the mechanism of changes taking place in energetic materials (EMs) is one of the most important issues in the rational design and use of EMs. Due to the extremely rapid nature of these changes, reliable monitoring and real-time analysis are extremely difficult. Hence, analysis of the mechanism of such processes often has to rely on adaptation of classical methods or on comparison of the initial and final states of the EM. In this critical review, we focus on current approaches to the methodology of investigating the mechanisms of processes taking place in EMs, showcasing viable experimental strategies, points of uncertainty, and adaptations of classical instrumental methods.

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“…In recent years, numerous efforts have been devoted to improve the heat and mechanical properties of CL-20, including surface coating [4,5], micromorphology changing [6,7], and desensitizer adding, etc. [8]. Especially, it is known that the particle size and structure of nitramine explosive have a great influence on mechanical and thermal properties [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Sub‐Micron Sized CL‐20 and Its Mechanical and Thermal Properties

Mao¹,

Jiang²,

Li³

et al. 2020

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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High sensitivity limits the broad application of CL-20 despite that it is considered as the most powerful explosive. Numerous efforts and technologies of fabricating CL-20 with small particle size have been implemented for solving this problem. In this study, CL-20 with sub-micron particle size was prepared by superfine comminution technique. The results of impact and friction sensitivities tests showed that the mechanical sensitivities of CL-20 were improved after ultra-fine treatment. DSC results showed that the decomposition of CL-20 advanced with the particle sizes decreased. The sub-micron sized CL-20 showed lower activation energy (E α) compared to that of raw CL-20, suggesting that particle size reduction is in favour of decreasing the threshold of decomposition. The reaction models of CL-20 with different particle sizes could all be categorized as n-th order reactions with autocatalysis. The function of reaction mechanism could be expressed as f(α) = (1-α) n (1 + k cat * α). On aspect of heat sensitivity, the results of deflagration point tests showed that although particle size had little influence on the deflagration point with 5 s delay time (T b) of CL-20, apparent activation energy of explosion (E b) decreased apparently with the particle sizes decreased, which could impact the thermal sensitivity significantly.

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Thermal behavior and decomposition kinetics of CL-20-based plastic-bonded explosives

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

Characterization of Aluminum Powders: III. Non‐Isothermal Oxidation and Combustion of Modern Aluminized Solid Propellants with Nanometals and Nanooxides

Characterization of Aluminum Powders: III. Non‐Isothermal Oxidation and Combustion of Modern Aluminized Solid Propellants with Nanometals and Nanooxides

Elucidating the Mechanisms of Reactions in Energetic Materials: A Critical Methodology Review

Preparation of Sub‐Micron Sized CL‐20 and Its Mechanical and Thermal Properties

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