Thermal disinfection at suboptimal temperature of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm on copper pipe and shower hose materials

Yui, S.; Karia, Kush; Ali, Shanom; Muzslay, M.; Wilson, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2021.08.016

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Although shower hose and head were replaced periodically, biofilm in the plumbing and TMV was not affected. Hence a more radical approach to biofilm removal was needed, such as local thermal disinfection [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced monitoring of healthcare shower water in augmented and non-augmented care wards showing persistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa despite remediation work

Yetiş

Ali

Karia

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Introduction. Pseudomonas aeruginosa in healthcare shower waters presents a high risk of infection to immune-suppressed patients; identifying the colonization-status of water outlets is essential in preventing acquisition. Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Testing frequencies may be insufficient to capture presence/absence of contamination in healthcare waters between sampling and remediation activities. Standardization of outlets may facilitate the management and control of P. aeruginosa . Aim. This study aims to monitor shower waters and drains for P. aeruginosa in augmented and non-augmented healthcare settings every 2 weeks for a period of 7 months during remedial actions. Methodology. All shower facilities were standardized to include antimicrobial silver-impregnated showerhead/hose units, hose-length fixed to 0.8 m and replaced every 3 months. Standard hospital manual decontamination/disinfection occurred daily. Thermostatic-mixer-valves (TMVs) were replaced and disinfected if standard remediation unsuccessful. Results. Of 560 shower and drain samples collected over 14 time-points covering 7 months, P. aeruginosa colonized 40 %(4/10; non-augmented) and 80 %(8/10; augmented-care) showers in the first week. For each week elapsed, new outlets became contaminated with P. aeruginosa by 18–19 % (P<0.001) in shower waters (OR=1.19; CI=1.09–1.31) and drains (OR=1.18; CI=1.09–1.30). P. aeruginosa occurrence in shower water was associated with subsequent colonization of the corresponding drain and vice versa (chi-square; P<0.001) with simultaneous contamination present in 31 %(87/280) of areas. TMV replacement was ineffective in eradicating colonisation in ~83 % of a subset (6/20; three per ward) of contaminated showers. Conclusions. We demonstrate the difficulties in eradicating P. aeruginosa from hospital plumbing, particularly when contamination is no longer sporadic. Non-augmented care settings are reservoirs of P. aeruginosa and should not be overlooked in outbreak investigations. Antimicrobial-impregnated materials may be ineffective once colonization with P. aeruginosa is established beyond the hose and head. Reducing hose-length insufficient to prevent cross-contamination from shower drains. P. aeruginosa colonization can be transient in both drain and shower hose/head. Frequent microbiological monitoring suggests testing frequencies following HTM04-01 guidelines are insufficient to capture the colonization-status of healthcare waters between samples. Disinfection/decontamination is recommended to minimize bioburden and the effect of remediation should be verified with microbiological monitoring. Where standard remediation did not remove P. aeruginosa contamination, intensive monitoring supported justifying replacement of showers and contiguous plumbing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced monitoring of healthcare shower water in augmented and non-augmented care wards showing persistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa despite remediation work

Yetiş

Ali

Karia

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…39 Thermal disinfection at 58 C effectively eliminates biofilm on copper; however, biofilm on shower hoses remains viable after 60 min of exposure. 101 Using coatings to modify the surface of materials is a common practice; epoxy coatings are often used in industry to protect steel, and doping different metals obtains coatings with desirable properties. 102 The cost of using pure copper tubes entirely is obviously high, so coating tubes made of polymer compounds with copper-containing substances achieves the goal.…”

Section: Drinking Water Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Copper is the only element for which rapid contact killing of bacteria by a solid metallic surface has been demonstrated 39 . Thermal disinfection at 58°C effectively eliminates biofilm on copper; however, biofilm on shower hoses remains viable after 60 min of exposure 101 . Using coatings to modify the surface of materials is a common practice; epoxy coatings are often used in industry to protect steel, and doping different metals obtains coatings with desirable properties 102 .…”

Section: Applying Antimicrobial Coppermentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of antimicrobial properties of copper

Yu,

Huang,

Ren

et al. 2024

Applied Organom Chemis

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The antimicrobial properties of copper ions can reduce the overgrowth of microorganisms to a certain extent. That reduces the amount of antibiotics used, to avoid superbugs and potential harm. The authors reviewed the antimicrobial mechanisms of copper and copper‐containing nanoparticles (NPs), focusing on the factors influencing their antimicrobial properties. They concluded that the antimicrobial properties were better in environments conducive to the precipitation of copper ions and exposure to microorganisms. Comparing copper with other metal ions leads to the question of why copper is such an important antimicrobial metal ion. In recent years, with the development of science and technology and the understanding of the microscopic world, scientists have skillfully applied the antimicrobial properties of copper in various settings, from direct contact with food to breeding and hygienic environments, and have confirmed the safety of the application. However, because of the toxic effect of NPs, the future goal is to synthesize a copper‐containing NP with good biocompatibility and antibacterial efficiency to benefit human society.

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“…The response of P. aeruginosa to AgNP-induced PTT was evaluated using planktonic bacteria, not contained in breast cells, in an effort to understand the impact of PTT on the bacteria alone, knowing that thermal inactivation of P. aeruginosa is typically achieved at 60 • C [55]. A single colony of P. aeruginosa was cultured in LB broth overnight at 37 • C and the suspended bacteria were standardized to create treatment suspensions containing 0, 10, 25, or 50 µg/mL of AgNPs with OD 0.1 of bacteria.…”

Section: Photothermal Treatment Of Breast Cells or P Aeruginosamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Silver Nanoparticle-Induced Photothermal Therapy and Its Augmentation of Hyperthermia on Breast Cancer Cells Harboring Intracellular Bacteria

Liu,

Phillips,

Northrup

et al. 2023

Pharmaceutics

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Breast cancer can harbor intracellular bacteria, which may have an impact on metastasis and therapeutic responses. Silver nanoparticles are FDA-approved for their antimicrobial potential, plus they have pleiotropic benefits for eradicating cancer cells. In the current work we synthesized photothermal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with an absorption at 800 nm for heat generation when exposed to near-infrared laser irradiation. Breast cell lines MCF 10A, MCF7, and MDA MB 231 were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and their response to AgNPs, heat, or photothermal therapy (PTT) was evaluated. The results demonstrate that the application of a brief heating of cells treated with AgNPs offers a synergistic benefit in killing both infected and non-infected cells. Using 10 µg/mL of AgNPs plus laser stimulation induced a temperature change of 12 °C, which was sufficient for reducing non-infected breast cells by 81–94%. Infected breast cells were resistant to PTT, with only a reduction of 45–68%. In the absence of laser stimulation, 10 µg/mL of AgNPs reduced breast cell populations by 10–65% with 24 h of exposure. This concentration had no impact on the survival of planktonic bacteria with or without laser stimulation, although infected breast cells had a 42–90% reduction in intracellular bacteria. Overall, this work highlights the advantages of AgNPs for the generation of heat, and to augment the benefits of heat, in breast cancer cells harboring intracellular infection.

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Thermal disinfection at suboptimal temperature of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm on copper pipe and shower hose materials

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Enhanced monitoring of healthcare shower water in augmented and non-augmented care wards showing persistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa despite remediation work

Enhanced monitoring of healthcare shower water in augmented and non-augmented care wards showing persistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa despite remediation work

Application of antimicrobial properties of copper

The Impact of Silver Nanoparticle-Induced Photothermal Therapy and Its Augmentation of Hyperthermia on Breast Cancer Cells Harboring Intracellular Bacteria

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