Thermal Methods to Enhance Biological Treatment Processes

Paul, Etienne; Carrère, Hélène; Batstone, Damien J.

doi:10.1002/9781118309643.ch12

Biological Sludge Minimization and Biomaterials/Bioenergy Recovery Technologies 2012

DOI: 10.1002/9781118309643.ch12

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Thermal Methods to Enhance Biological Treatment Processes

Etienne Paul

Hélène Carrère

Damien J. Batstone

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Cited by 3 publications

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“…The heating demand for thermophilic digesters operated at 55°C can be provided from methane production using cogeneration. Furthermore, where semibatch operation is applied, the material meets the standards for pathogen destruction (51). The VS destruction rate of the thermophilic digester was 33 to 35%, which is comparable to what would be achieved at approximately 12 to 15 days in a mesophilic digester (based on BMP results).…”

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confidence: 50%

Methanosarcinaceae and Acetate-Oxidizing Pathways Dominate in High-Rate Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Waste-Activated Sludge

Jensen

Batstone

2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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132

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This study investigated the process of high-rate, high-temperature methanogenesis to enable very-high-volume loading during anaerobic digestion of waste-activated sludge. Reducing the hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 15 to 20 days in mesophilic digestion down to 3 days was achievable at a thermophilic temperature (55°C) with stable digester performance and methanogenic activity. A volatile solids (VS) destruction efficiency of 33 to 35% was achieved on waste-activated sludge, comparable to that obtained via mesophilic processes with low organic acid levels (<200 mg/liter chemical oxygen demand [COD]). Methane yield (VS basis) was 150 to 180 liters of CH 4 /kg of VS added . According to 16S rRNA pyrotag sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), the methanogenic community was dominated by members of the Methanosarcinaceae, which have a high level of metabolic capability, including acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. Loss of function at an HRT of 2 days was accompanied by a loss of the methanogens, according to pyrotag sequencing. The two acetate conversion pathways, namely, acetoclastic methanogenesis and syntrophic acetate oxidation, were quantified by stable carbon isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The results showed that the majority of methane was generated by nonacetoclastic pathways, both in the reactors and in off-line batch tests, confirming that syntrophic acetate oxidation is a key pathway at elevated temperatures. The proportion of methane due to acetate cleavage increased later in the batch, and it is likely that stable oxidation in the continuous reactor was maintained by application of the consistently low retention time.A naerobic digestion (AD) is a biological process which has been widely used for waste-activated sludge and primary sludge stabilization. It offers substantial advantages over alternative stabilization techniques, including low energy requirements, good-quality biosolids product, energy recovery in the form of methane (CH 4 ) gas, and the possibility of nutrient recovery (1, 2). Conventional anaerobic digesters are operated at a mesophilic temperature (35°C) with long hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 15 to 20 days on waste-activated sludge (WAS), which is excess bacterial material and residual organics from combined aerobic treatment of wastewater, and more than 20 days on primary sludge (PS), which is the settled fraction from raw wastewater (1, 3, 4). Long treatment times are a key disadvantage of anaerobic digestion, requiring large tank volumes and, consequently, high capital cost, as well as increased mixing and maintenance costs. Therefore, reducing digester volume would strongly enhance the competitiveness of anaerobic technologies.Thermophilic anaerobic digestion (55°C to 70°C) is an alternative to conventional mesophilic anaerobic digestion (35°C). The majority of systems are operated at 55°C (5, 6), as higher temperatures can result in instability due to ammonia inhibition and reduced operability (2). Thermophilic anaerobic digestion offer...

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supporting

confidence: 50%

Methanosarcinaceae and Acetate-Oxidizing Pathways Dominate in High-Rate Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Waste-Activated Sludge

Jensen

Batstone

2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

Self Cite

132

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Microbial diversity in innovative mesophilic/thermophilic temperature-phased anaerobic digestion of sludge

Gagliano

Braguglia

Gallipoli

et al. 2014

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the few sustainable technologies that both produce energy and treat waste streams. Driven by a complex and diverse community of microbes, AD may be affected by different factors, many of which also influence the composition and activity of the microbial community. In this study, the biodiversity of microbial populations in innovative mesophilic/thermophilic temperature-phased AD of sludge was evaluated by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The increase of digestion temperature drastically affected the microbial composition and selected specialized biomass. Hydrogenotrophic Methanobacteriales and the protein fermentative bacterium Coprothermobacter spp. were identified in the thermophilic anaerobic biomass. Shannon-Weaver diversity (H') and evenness (E) indices were calculated using FISH data. Species richness was lower under thermophilic conditions compared with the values estimated in mesophilic samples, and it was flanked by similar trend of the evenness indicating that thermophilic communities may be therefore more susceptible to sudden changes and less prompt to adapting to operative variations.

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Evaluation of anaerobic digestion processes for short sludge-age waste activated sludge combined with anammox treatment of digestate liquor

Batstone

Keller

2015

Water Science and Technology

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The need to reduce energy input and enhance energy recovery from wastewater is driving renewed interest in high-rate activated sludge treatment (i.e. short hydraulic and solids retention times (HRT and SRT, respectively)). This process generates short SRT activated sludge stream, which should be highly degradable. However, the evaluation of anaerobic digestion of short SRT sludge has been limited. This paper assesses anaerobic digestion of short SRT sludge digestion derived from meat processing wastewater under thermophilic and mesophilic conditions. The thermophilic digestion system (55°C) achieved 60 and 68% volatile solids destruction at 8 day and 10 day HRT, respectively, compared with 50% in the mesophilic digestion system (35°C, 10 day HRT). The digestion effluents from the thermophilic (8-10 day HRT) and mesophilic systems were stable, as assessed by residual methane potentials. The ammonia rich sludge dewatering liquor was effectively treated by a batch anammox process, which exhibited comparable nitrogen removal rate as the tests using a control synthetic ammonia solution, indicating that the dewatering liquor did not have inhibiting/toxic effects on the anammox activity.

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Thermal Methods to Enhance Biological Treatment Processes

Cited by 3 publications

References 60 publications

Methanosarcinaceae and Acetate-Oxidizing Pathways Dominate in High-Rate Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Waste-Activated Sludge

Methanosarcinaceae and Acetate-Oxidizing Pathways Dominate in High-Rate Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Waste-Activated Sludge

Microbial diversity in innovative mesophilic/thermophilic temperature-phased anaerobic digestion of sludge

Evaluation of anaerobic digestion processes for short sludge-age waste activated sludge combined with anammox treatment of digestate liquor

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