Thermal, morphological and mechanical properties of composites based on polyamide 6 with cellulose, silica and their hybrids from rice husk

Melo, Renato Pereira de; Rosa, Marcelo Pereira da; Beck, Paulo; Tienne, Lucas Gp; Marques, Maria de Fátima Vieira

doi:10.1177/0021998320978290

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, it was suggested that there was no mass loss of silica in this range of temperature. [ 49 ] In addition to the solid residue at the 810°C was nearly 96 wt.%, the endothermic peak observed at 773°C in the DTA curve is thought to belong to the characteristic crystal silica peak caused by the calcination process at 800°C. [ 44 ] Accordingly, these crystal silica peaks were confirmed by XRD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The simultaneous extraction of cellulose fiber and crystal biogenic silica from the same rice husk and evaluation in cellulose‐based composite bioplastic films

et al. 2022

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Bioplastics are environmental‐friendly materials that have been essentially required to reduce global pollution resulting from the accumulation of conventional plastics. The current study was focused on simultaneous extraction of cellulose fiber and crystal biogenic silica from the same rice husks and preparation of silica‐reinforced cellulose‐based composite bioplastic films via casting method to evaluate in packaging applications. Herein, ZnCl2 was utilized as a solvent for the extracted cellulose fiber for the first time. As the silica content increased, barrier properties of bioplastic films increased. The highest tensile strength value in bioplastic films was obtained at 1347 kN/m2 with 2% weight silica content. The biodegradability of bioplastic films in the soil after 21 days varied between 25.5% and 55.7%, which values were significantly higher than conventional plastics. After evaluating these properties, we strongly believe that composite bioplastic films have a high potential to be utilized as green packaging material.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The simultaneous extraction of cellulose fiber and crystal biogenic silica from the same rice husk and evaluation in cellulose‐based composite bioplastic films

et al. 2022

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“…The viscoelastic behaviors of PA6 and PA6-nanocomposites are shown in Figure 3 . The α-relaxation peak assigned as the tan δ peak (≈65 °C) is related to the breaking of hydrogen bonds between the polymer chains, inducing chain motion in the amorphous region [ 30 ]. The storage modulus ( E′ ) of PA6 and its nanocomposites remain at a similar level, while the tan δ peak moves to a higher temperature (from 61 to 69 °C) with the addition of NC, indicating an interaction between PA6 and NC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Dispersion and Orientation on Polyamide-6 Cellulose Nanocomposites Manufactured through Liquid-Assisted Extrusion

et al. 2022

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In this study, the possibility of adding nanocellulose and its dispersion to polyamide 6 (PA6), a polymer with a high melting temperature, is investigated using melt extrusion. The main challenges of the extrusion of these materials are achieving a homogeneous dispersion and avoiding the thermal degradation of nanocellulose. These challenges are overcome by using an aqueous suspension of never-dried nanocellulose, which is pumped into the molten polymer without any chemical modification or drying. Furthermore, polyethylene glycol is tested as a dispersant for nanocellulose. The dispersion, thermal degradation, and mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the nanocomposites are studied. The results show that the dispersant has a positive impact on the dispersion of nanocellulose and that the liquid-assisted melt compounding does not cause the degradation of nanocellulose. The addition of only 0.5 wt.% nanocellulose increases the stiffness of the neat polyamide 6 from 2 to 2.3 GPa and shifts the tan δ peak toward higher temperatures, indicating an interaction between PA6 and nanocellulose. The addition of the dispersant decreases the strength and modulus but has a significant effect on the elongation and toughness. To further enhance the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites, solid-state drawing is used to create an oriented structure in the polymer and nanocomposites. The orientation greatly improves its mechanical properties, and the oriented nanocomposite with polyethylene glycol as dispersant exhibits the best alignment and properties: with orientation, the strength increases from 52 to 221 MPa, modulus from 1.4 to 2.8 GPa, and toughness 30 to 33 MJ m−3 in a draw ratio of 2.5. This study shows that nanocellulose can be added to PA6 by liquid-assisted extrusion with good dispersion and without degradation and that the orientation of the structure is a highly-effective method for producing thermoplastic nanocomposites with excellent mechanical properties.

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“…1 wt% hemicellulose, 12.2 wt% lignin, and 7.9 wt% ash obtained by Zuluaga et al 20 Both results are comparing with the reported by other researchers that obtained cellulose of agro-based such as coconut (36-43 wt%), 21 wheat straw (39 wt%), 22 and Rice husk (25-35 wt%). 23…”

Section: Chemical Composition Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-cellulose composites prepared by partial dissolving of cellulose fibers from musaceae leaf-sheath waste

Rojo

Álvarez‐López

Rojo

2021

Journal of Composite Materials

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Self-reinforced all-cellulose composites were produced in situ by partial dissolution in lithium chloride/N,N dimethylacetamide (LiCl/DMAc) of cellulose fibers isolated from Musaceae leaf sheaths resides. These composites show two phases, a continuous phase formed by the dissolution of fibers that transformation to cellulose II and another phase non-dissolved fibers of cellulose I, which acts as self-reinforcing as shown in SEM images. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the coexistence of cellulose I and cellulose II polymorphs. The higher Young’s modulus (4.6 GPa) and tensile strength (95 MPa) are resulting in the optimum relationship between fibers/matrix due to enough LiCl/DMAc to form the matrix and unify fibers with a good interface and optical transparency. These results are seven and twenty-one times higher than that of C0, respectively. In addition, the use of these agro-industrial waste as a raw material in the production of all-cellulose composites offers an opportunity to obtain sustainable and environmentally friendly materials as an alternative for packaging industries.

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Thermal, morphological and mechanical properties of composites based on polyamide 6 with cellulose, silica and their hybrids from rice husk

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

The simultaneous extraction of cellulose fiber and crystal biogenic silica from the same rice husk and evaluation in cellulose‐based composite bioplastic films

The simultaneous extraction of cellulose fiber and crystal biogenic silica from the same rice husk and evaluation in cellulose‐based composite bioplastic films

Influence of Dispersion and Orientation on Polyamide-6 Cellulose Nanocomposites Manufactured through Liquid-Assisted Extrusion

All-cellulose composites prepared by partial dissolving of cellulose fibers from musaceae leaf-sheath waste

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