Thermal properties of nanocellulose‐reinforced composites: A review

Abstract

Nanocellulose has received increasing attention in science and industry in recent years as a nanoscale material for the reinforcement of polymer matrix composites due to its superior mechanical properties, renewability, and biodegradability. New nanocellulose sources, modifications, and treatments are under development to reduce the high energy required during production and to create a more suitable industrial-scale production process. Thus, this paper reviews plant-based nanocellulose composites and their properties, with a focus on their thermal-related characteristics. The purpose of this review is to establish for readers the impact of the incorporation of nanocellulose on the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of nanocellulose composites. Understanding of the thermal properties is important for researchers to assess the suitability of the nanocomposites for a variety of applications in response to new and evolving societal requirements.The first NFC was produced from wood by using high-pressure homogenization without any pretreatment. 11,12 However, this method is a very energy-intensive process. Therefore, chemical treatments such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) oxidation combined with mechanical and chemical

Nanocellulose: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications

“…The isolation method governs the morphology and properties of nanocellulose (Yang et al, 2017). Nanocellulose exhibits some exclusive features such as exceptional mechanical properties (i.e., low density, high flexibility, and strength while being chemically inert) (Lavoine and Bergström, 2017) and thermal properties (Gan et al, 2020). Over the past few decades, many research studies have been conducted on the reinforcement of polymer matrix nanocomposites, for instance, natural rubber nanocomposites (Neto et al, 2016;Cao et al, 2018;Dominic et al, 2020), polylactic acid nanocomposites (Gitari et al, 2019;Rigotti et al, 2019), epoxy nanocomposites (Ayrilmis et al, 2019;Yan et al, 2019;Yue et al, 2019), and polystyrene nanocomposites (Clarke et al, 2019;Neves et al, 2019), where nanocellulose has been introduced as a reinforcing agent.…”

Electroactive γ-Phase, Enhanced Thermal and Mechanical Properties and High Ionic Conductivity Response of Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride)/Cellulose Nanocrystal Hybrid Nanocomposites

“…These nanoparticles, which can be disintegrated under composting conditions [21], present a high Young's modulus of 130 GPa [22] and can be synthesized from any cellulose source material by using chemical or enzymatic approaches [20]. The large abundance of cellulose, its mechanical stability at relatively high temperatures [23], low cost, and non-toxicity make CNCs interesting reinforcing elements to improve the piezoelectric properties of PVDF while lowering the environmental burden associated with the use of traditional plastics [24,25].…”

Nanocellulose Bio-Based Composites for Food Packaging

“…Hence, the hornification of cellulose in large processing units causes a reduction on the accessible surface of NC and originates aggregates in the final composite. Additionally, during melt mixing, the shearing forces to obtain better dispersions between NCs and the matrix, may generate heat that causes the actual temperature of the melt to be higher than the set processing temperature [ 112 ]. Thus, all melting configuration process need to be carefully managed to prevent further degradation (controlled actual temperature and time of melt mixing).…”