Thermal runaway reaction for highly exothermic material in safe storage temperature

Lin, Chun-Ping; Li, Jin‐Shuh; Tseng, Jo-Ming; Mannan, M. Sam

doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2016.01.006

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Heteronuclear multiple bond coherence-nuclear spectra ( 1 H- 13 C HMBC) are acquired with 16 scans and the data are collected with a spectral width of 6756.8 Hz in the 1 H (F2) dimension, and 38736.6 Hz in the 13 C (F1) dimension with TD of 256 K for channel F1. Double quantum filtered correlation spectroscopy spectra ( 1 H-1 H DQF-COSY) are acquired with four scans and the data are collected with a spectral width between 6756.8 to 9090.9 in both dimensions with TD of 128 K for channel F1.…”

Section: Nmr Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the Degradation Products from α‐Ionone Used as Stabiliser in “Green” Propellants through its Lifetime

Damseaux

Scholl

Damblon

et al. 2021

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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A stabiliser is added to gun and rocket propellants to react with species responsible for degradation during decomposition. Propellant powder manufacturers and army personnel are confronted with toxicity during powder degradation and must replace current stabilisers with nontoxic molecules. According to the STANAG 4582 (North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Standardisation Agreement [1]), propellant powders must remain chemically stable for a minimum of ten years when stored at temperatures equivalent to an isothermal storage (25 °C). Single and double base smokeless powders with α-ionone as a "green" stabiliser are tested and the results show that the heat flow is stable over time and that the autocatalysis occurs 2 to 3 times later than in powders with conventional stabilisers. This stabiliser is efficient for all nitrate esterbased propellants. In the present paper, we identify and monitor the evolution of the main degradation products over time by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS) to unravel the stabilisation mechanism under accelerated aging conditions. A time-related fluctuation of their respective amounts (increasing then decreasing, then re-increasing, …) is observed, which indicates that the daughter products have also a stabilisation effect. The three major α-ionone daughter products are identified as: 3-oxo-α-ionone, 4-oxo-β-ionone and 4,5-epoxy-α-ionone.

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Section: Nmr Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the Degradation Products from α‐Ionone Used as Stabiliser in “Green” Propellants through its Lifetime

Damseaux

Scholl

Damblon

et al. 2021

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…They put forward that it is necessary to combine calorimetric experiment and model simulation to analyze thermal hazard for comprehensive and accurate analyses. Lin et al [23 -26] have established a reliable analysis model based on TSS to evaluate the thermal kinetic parameters of gun propellant (GP) [23], tert-butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB) [24], Octahydro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetranitro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetrazocine (HMX) [25,26], and 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12-Hexanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12hexaaza-isowurtzitane (HNIW) [26]. No relevant literature has yet been found to employ the TSS to investigate the thermal kinetics of NC.…”

Section: Fig 1 Comparison Of the Macroscopic Product Structures: A mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on the Thermal Decomposition of Two Nitrocellulose Mixtures in Different Forms

Mi¹,

Wei

Zhou

et al. 2019

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In order to ensure the safety of nitrocellulose (NC) mixtures in storage, transportation and usage, it is necessary to study the thermal stability of NC mixtures. In the present study, the thermal decomposition of two commonly used nitrocellulose mixtures with different forms including soft fiber form and white chip form were investigated. Experimental results by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and simulation results by thermal safety software (TSS) were compared. The detailed structures of the two mixtures were also revealed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found that the thermal properties such as onset decomposition temperature, maximum decomposition temperature, and temperature range of decomposition exhibit a difference between two forms of NC. Meanwhile, the effect of varying heating rates (5, 10, 15, and 20 °C/min) on thermal stability of NC with two forms was discussed. The results showed that the decomposition temperature increases with the increasing heat flow. Methods proposed by Ozawa and Kissinger presented a positive fitting result and similar calculated thermal kinetic parameters, indicating that the NC mixtures used in the present study follow a single-stage reaction. The simulation results also verified the applicability of the autocatalytic reaction for the two NC mixtures. The calculated activation energy of the simulation method is lower than that of the Ozawa and Kissinger methods. The results of all three methods show that the activation energy of NC-F is higher than NC-C.

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“…Most simulation of kinetic models involve complex multistage reactions which consist of several independent, parallel, and consecutive stages, as presented in Eqs. (1)-(5) [25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Determination Of Thermodynamic Parameters By Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[21][22][23] You et al [24] performed simulation by using TSS to analyze the thermal-explosion evolution of lauroyl peroxide (LPO), and indicated that it is reasonable to combine calorimetric experiments and simulation to obtain accurate results. Lin et al [25][26][27][28] developed a reliable model based on TSS to estimate the thermal risk of gun propellants (GP) [25], tert-butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB) [26], HMX [27,28], and HNIW (= CL20) [28]. They suggested that the temperature of TCL of GP should be lower than 27.27 8C to ensure the GP stored up to 10 years as well as the critical temperature of TMR should be below 34.55 8C to reach the 100 days of storage time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They suggested that the temperature of TCL of GP should be lower than 27.27 8C to ensure the GP stored up to 10 years as well as the critical temperature of TMR should be below 34.55 8C to reach the 100 days of storage time. [25] Wang et al [29] estimated the thermal hazards of benzaldehyde oxime (BO), and it was concluded that the operation temperature of BO should not be higher than 42 8C during production and usage process. However, no relevant reference has been found to estimate the safe storage temperature of NC based on TSS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation on the Safe Storage Temperature of Nitrocellulose with Different Humectants

Wei

Huang

Wang

et al. 2018

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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In order to estimate the safe storage temperatures of nitrocellulose (NC) with different humectants (water, ethanol, and isopropanol), non-isothermal experiments were performed by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Thermodynamic parameters were simulated by thermal safety software (TSS). Comparison of autocatalytic simulation and nth order simulation was conducted. Also, Kissiger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW) methods were employed to validate the simulated activation energy E, whose results indicated that the average E calculated by KAS and OFW methods is lower than that simulated by autocatalytic simulation. Finally, the critical temperatures of time to maximum rate (TMR) and time to conversion limit (TCL) were estimated. The results show that the critical temperature of pure NC is higher than that of NC with humectants, which indicates that NC with humectants possess a higher thermal instability at an identical temperature. In addition, to ensure the effectiveness of NC products, storage temperatures of pure NC and NC-humectants were also simulated. Figure 1. The scenes of Tianjin Port (a) before and (b) after the explosion caused by NC. (Source: Baidu). 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Thermal runaway reaction for highly exothermic material in safe storage temperature

Cited by 22 publications

References 16 publications

Identification of the Degradation Products from α‐Ionone Used as Stabiliser in “Green” Propellants through its Lifetime

Identification of the Degradation Products from α‐Ionone Used as Stabiliser in “Green” Propellants through its Lifetime

Experimental Study on the Thermal Decomposition of Two Nitrocellulose Mixtures in Different Forms

Estimation on the Safe Storage Temperature of Nitrocellulose with Different Humectants

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