Thermally modified active carbon as a support for catalysts for NH3 synthesis

Kowalczyk, Z.; Sentek, J.; Jodzis, S.; Diduszko, R.; Presz, A.; Terzyk, Artur P.; Kucharski, Z.; Suwalski, J.

doi:10.1016/0008-6223(95)00199-9

Cited by 74 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Therefore, the complete removal of electron-acceptors on activated carbon is an important factor for the catalytic activity of the catalyst. This is one reason for the pretreatment of activated carbon at high temperatures [4,6,7,9].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, a more stable support is required, and this has led to a search for an alternative to active carbon. Recently, a number of studies have shown that graphitzed activated carbon, MgO and BN supported Ru have high catalytic activities and long-term stability for ammonia synthesis [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aika and co-workers [4], Forni et al [6] and Kowalczyk et al [9] found that the catalyst lifetime was remarkably prolonged when the activated carbon was treated at high temperatures. These results reveal that graphitized carbon is feasible as a catalyst support for ammonia synthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ammonia synthesis on graphitic-nanofilament supported Ru catalysts

Liang

Feng

et al. 2004

Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ammonia synthesis on graphitic-nanofilament supported Ru catalysts

Liang

Feng

et al. 2004

Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical

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“…The CO hydrogenation has also attracted increasing As one can see (Table 1), treatment of the carbon at higher temperatures led to a drastic decrease of the specific surface area (S BET ). This is due to the graphitization of carbon and to the disappearance of micropores as evidenced by Kowalczyk et al [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

The Effect of the Ruthenium Crystallite Size on the Activity of Ru/Carbon Systems in CO Methanation

et al. 2017

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interest recently because of its potential as a simple technique for CO removal from H 2 -rich feed gases for fuel cells [1,[3][4][5][6][7]. Due to the poor reserves of natural gas in some regions of the world, conversion of syngas from coal or biomass to synthetic natural gas (SNG) via the methanation reaction is also attracting great attention [8][9][10][11]. That is the reason why many groups are still working to obtain highly active and selective catalysts for that reaction.Supported Ni-based catalysts have been applied commercially on methanation due to their high activity, selectivity to CH 4 and low costs [1,8,11]. However, hydrogenation of CO x to methane can be catalyzed by several metals [12][13][14]. Some experimental works and density functional theory (DFT) calculations also indicate that ruthenium exhibits excellent activity in CO methanation [1,4,15,16]. Ruthenium dispersed on high-surface area oxide supports has been found to exhibit high activity in the methanation of CO and CO 2 [3,5,13,14]. Many literature reports give information about the influence of different factors on the activity of oxide-supported Ru systems [1,6,7,12,13,16,17]. However, there are few papers dealing with the activity of ruthenium deposited on thermally modified carbons [18,19]. There is also lack of information concerning the effect of Ru crystallite sizes on the activity of Ru/C systems. In the present work we made an effort to examine the influence of the ruthenium particle size in the wide range of its dispersion on the catalytic activity of Ru/graphitized carbon systems in CO methanation. The activity tests were conducted in H 2 -rich streams with very low CO concentrations (0.5 vol% CO) to simulate industrial conditions of hydrogen cleaning for NH 3 synthesis or fuel cells application. AbstractThe influence of the ruthenium crystallite size on the catalytic activity of Ru/graphitized carbon systems in carbon monoxide methanation was evaluated. Four graphitized carbon materials differing in their surface area were used as supports for Ru. The average size of Ru crystallites in Ru/C materials was estimated by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and CO chemisorption. Dispersion of the active phase clearly depends on the carbon texture. The activity tests conducted in H 2 -rich streams with very low CO concentrations (0.5 vol% CO) have shown that the activity of Ru/carbon catalysts changes with the ruthenium particles size (d). The highest activities were obtained for ruthenium particles in the range 4-8 nm in size.

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“…Treated by acidic or alkaline can change the quantities of groups on the surface of AC [14] [15]. The more oxygen containing functional groups contains on the surface of AC is, the easier solution of metal salts conducts with surface of AC.…”

Section: Catalyst Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response Surface Methodology as an Approach for Optimization of the Synthesis of 1-(2-Aminoethyl)-2-imidazolidone

He¹

2017

MSCE

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Ruthenium loaded on activated carbon pre-treated by HNO 3 was used to catalyze the reaction of 1-(2-Aminoethyl)-2-imidazolidone (AEI) synthesized from ethylenediamine, ethanolamine and CO 2 . Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the synthesis of AEI. The statistical analysis results showed that the yield of AEI was significantly affected by the CO 2 pressure, reaction temperature and reaction time. According to the results of variance analysis, the value of the determination coefficient of 0.9854 was in reasonable agreement with the "Adj R-Squared" of 0.9666, which means this model can predict the yield of AEI well and can be used to optimize reaction conditions for higher AEI yield. The optimal values of AEI yield predicted by RSM was 84.9% under temperature 206.51˚C, CO 2 pressure 9.35 Mpa, reaction time 10.11 h, and the verification experiment yield of AEI was 83.1%.

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Thermally modified active carbon as a support for catalysts for NH3 synthesis

Cited by 74 publications

References 26 publications

Ammonia synthesis on graphitic-nanofilament supported Ru catalysts

Ammonia synthesis on graphitic-nanofilament supported Ru catalysts

The Effect of the Ruthenium Crystallite Size on the Activity of Ru/Carbon Systems in CO Methanation

Response Surface Methodology as an Approach for Optimization of the Synthesis of 1-(2-Aminoethyl)-2-imidazolidone

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