Thermally Tunable Dynamic and Static Elastic Properties of Hydrogel Due to Volumetric Phase Transition

Jin, Yuqi; Yang, Teng; Ju, Shuai; Zhang, Haifeng; Choi, Tae-Youl; Neogi, Arup

doi:10.3390/polym12071462

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The Young’s modulus, speed of sound, and a density of stainless-steel rods were set to 200 GPa, 5800 m/s, and 7850 kg/m 3 respectively. The speed of sound and density values of PVA-PNIPAm hydrogel were 1345.4 m/s and 1048.9 kg/m 3 at 20 °C 1425.5 m/s 1269.3 kg/m 3 at 39 ℃ which were experimental measured in our previous works [ 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 57%

“…The stainless-steel rod has the elastic modulus 195 GPa, Poisson’s ratio 0.29, and density 7500 kg/m 3 from the datasheet. The dynamic bulk modulus of the PVA-PNIPAm hydrogel was calculated as a product of density (

) and square of speed of sound (

), which was 1.65 GPa at room temperature and 2.42 GPa at 39 °C [ 34 ]. The effective sound velocity of the hydrogel infilled PnC lens is 2150 m/s at room temperature and 2289 m/s at 39 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasound Imaging by Thermally Tunable Phononic Crystal Lens

Jin

Neogi

2021

IJMS

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This work demonstrates the detections and mappings of a solid object using a thermally tunable solid-state phononic crystal lens at low frequency for potential use in future long-distance detection. The phononic crystal lens is infiltrated with a polyvinyl alcohol-based poly n-isopropyl acrylamide (PVA-PNIPAm) bulk hydrogel polymer. The hydrogel undergoes a volumetric phase transition due to a temperature change leading to a temperature-dependent sound velocity and density. The temperature variation from 20 °C to 39 °C changes the focal length of the tunable solid-state lens by 1 cm in the axial direction. This thermo-reversible tunable focal length lens was used in a monostatic setup for one- and two-dimensional mapping scans in both frequency domain echo-intensity and temporal domain time-of-flight modes. The experimental results illustrated 1.03 ± 0.15λ and 2.35 ± 0.28λ on the lateral and axial minimum detectable object size. The experiments using the tunable lens demonstrate the capability to detect objects by changing the temperature in water without translating an object, source, or detector. The time-of-flight mode modality using the tunable solid-state phononic lens increases the signal-to-noise ratio compared to a conventional phononic crystal lens.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 57%

) and square of speed of sound (

), which was 1.65 GPa at room temperature and 2.42 GPa at 39 °C [ 34 ]. The effective sound velocity of the hydrogel infilled PnC lens is 2150 m/s at room temperature and 2289 m/s at 39 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound Imaging by Thermally Tunable Phononic Crystal Lens

Jin

Neogi

2021

IJMS

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“…In the numerical simulation, the defined media was not dispersive. In reality, the dispersion [20,21] may be introduced by the nonuniform soil status. In a highly dispersive medium, the frequency components in a broadband acoustic pulse have different speed of sound (phase velocity).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Monostatic Acoustic Effective Bulk Modulus and Effective Density Evaluation of Underground Soil Quality: A Numerical Approach

2020

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In this study, we introduce a novel method using longitudinal sound to detect underground soil voids to inspect underwater bed property in terms of effective bulk modulus and effective density of the material properties. The model was simulated in terms of layered material within a monostatic detection configuration. The numerical model demonstrates the feasibility of detecting an underground air void with a spatial resolution of about 0.5 λ and can differentiate a soil firmness of about 5%. The proposed technique can overcome limitations imposed by conventional techniques that use spacing-consuming sonar devices and suffer from low penetration depth and leakage of the transverse sound wave propagating in an underground fluid environment.

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“…In 3D printed metals and alloys, dynamic elasticity variations [28] obtained from the measurement of the longitudinal and transversal wave velocity agree well with the static elastic properties measured by mechanical tests. However, due to the dispersion of sound in soft-matter [26], such as hydrogels and composites [29], the difference between static and dynamic moduli can exceed a couple of orders of magnitude [30,31]. The variation in the dynamic elastic modulus of soft-material using elastography measurement can pro-vide useful information about the contrast and the uniformity of 3D printed structures made from soft-material and composite structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing and Characterization of Hybrid Bulk Voxelated Biomaterials Printed by Digital Anatomy 3D Printing

et al. 2020

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The advent of 3D digital printers has led to the evolution of realistic anatomical organ shaped structures that are being currently used as experimental models for rehearsing and preparing complex surgical procedures by clinicians. However, the actual material properties are still far from being ideal, which necessitates the need to develop new materials and processing techniques for the next generation of 3D printers optimized for clinical applications. Recently, the voxelated soft matter technique has been introduced to provide a much broader range of materials and a profile much more like the actual organ that can be designed and fabricated voxel by voxel with high precision. For the practical applications of 3D voxelated materials, it is crucial to develop the novel high precision material manufacturing and characterization technique to control the mechanical properties that can be difficult using the conventional methods due to the complexity and the size of the combination of materials. Here we propose the non-destructive ultrasound effective density and bulk modulus imaging to evaluate 3D voxelated materials printed by J750 Digital Anatomy 3D Printer of Stratasys. Our method provides the design map of voxelated materials and substantially broadens the applications of 3D digital printing in the clinical research area.

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Thermally Tunable Dynamic and Static Elastic Properties of Hydrogel Due to Volumetric Phase Transition

Cited by 31 publications

References 42 publications

Ultrasound Imaging by Thermally Tunable Phononic Crystal Lens

Ultrasound Imaging by Thermally Tunable Phononic Crystal Lens

Longitudinal Monostatic Acoustic Effective Bulk Modulus and Effective Density Evaluation of Underground Soil Quality: A Numerical Approach

Manufacturing and Characterization of Hybrid Bulk Voxelated Biomaterials Printed by Digital Anatomy 3D Printing

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