Thermo-responsive hydrogels based on methylcellulose/Persian gum loaded with taxifolin enhance bone regeneration: an in vitro/in vivo study

Abstract

In-situ forming hydrogels have gained noticeable attention to encapsulate osteogenic agents and regenerate irregular-shape bone defects. In this study, a novel thermosensitive hydrogel based on blended methylcellulose (MC) with Persian gum (PG) was fabricated and enriched with taxifolin (TAX) loaded halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) to enhance mechanical and biological characteristics of the hydrogel in bone tissue engineering. The injectability, mechanical and rheological tests were performed for different hydrogel formulations containing 0.25-1.5 w/v% PG and 1-7 w/v% HNTs. Also, to evaluate the impact of PG and HNTs on hydrogel behavior, the degradation rate and swelling degree of hydrogels were assessed. The optimized MC/PG/HNTs hydrogel containing 1% PG and 3% HNTs (MC/PG-1/HNTs 3%) was easily injectable and gelled rapidly at physiological temperature, while it had the highest mechanical strength due to the existence of PG and HNTs. In vitro release study of TAX from this system also revealed more sustained release compared to HNTs-TAX nanoparticles. Furthermore, the interaction of cells with hydrogel and osteo-conductivity was studied using osteoblast-like cells (MG-63). Results showed higher cell adhesion, proliferation, and gene expression for MC/PG-1/HNTs-TAX hydrogel compared to MC/PG-1 and MC/PG-1/HNTs 3% possibly due to the synergic effect of HNTs and TAX. In addition, Alizarin Red S staining and alkaline phosphatase measurements indicated that the existence of HNTs-TAX promoted osteogenic differentiation. Eventually, animal studies on the femoral defects indicated improved remedy when using the MC/PG-1/HNTs-TAX hydrogel carrying MG-63 cells.'Al 2 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 •nH2O' are safe, biocompatible and cheap aluminosilicate clay, which have been used as a

A forsterite-reinforced polypropylene fumarate/methoxy polyethylene glycol-hydrogel enriched with flavonoid nanoparticles enhances osteoconductivity

“…Moreover, frequency sweeps were conducted at 1% strain throughout an angular frequency range of 600 to 0.1 Hz. 37…”

“…The percentage of cell viability was calculated using eqn (6), where X s , X b , and X c represent the sample mean absorbances, blank (tissue culture plate), and the control (cell suspension), respectively. 37 Cell viability (%) = [( X s − X b )/( X c − X b )] × 100…”

“…The hydrogel PPF-MPEG and hydrogel with forsterite PPF-MPEG/ Fs exhibited F MAX values below the threshold of 30 N. This value represents the maximum permissible injection force limit, as established in the prior study. 37 Adding 3% w/w Fs to the hydrogel enhanced the F MAX of PPF-MPEG-6 from 10.25 N to 17.41 N in the case of PPF-MPEG-6/Fs-3 formulation (Table 3).…”

Antioxidant Materials in Oral and Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration: A Narrative Review of the Literature

“…Similarly, β-Gly was reported to act as a source of phosphate in hydroxylapatite formation in bone structure [ 22 ]. Moreover, some exogenous antioxidants affect the odontoblast-like cells to differentiate from dental pulp stem cells by expressing the odontoblast markers dentinal sialophosphoprotein and dentin matrix protein-1 concomitantly with RUNX2 transcripts [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. For example, quercetin is a suitable source for the odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells by increasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Scaffold Fabrication Techniques of Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Critical Review

“…An innovative in situ thermosensitive hydrogel consisting of Persian gum (PG) blended with methylcellulose (MC) was synthesized and further incorporated with taxifolin (TAX)-loaded halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). The results showed that MC mixed with 1% PG and 3% HNTs possessed excellent mechanical strength and osteoconductive behavior using MG-63 cells [ 170 ].…”