Thermo-responsive polymer catalysts for polyester recycling processes: switching from homogeneous catalysis to heterogeneous separations

Lechuga‐Islas, Víctor D.; Sánchez-Cerrillo, Dulce M.; Stumpf, Steffi; Guerrero‐Santos, Ramiro; Schubert, Ulrich S.; Guerrero, C.

doi:10.1039/d2py01520j

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The catalysts exhibited remarkable recyclability, maintaining a consistent efficacy over six cycles. Similarly, various studies ,,,,,− have corroborated that catalyst efficacy remains unchanged even after the fifth or sixth recycling cycle and, in some cases, remained unchanged even after the 15th recycling cycle (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole terephthalate) . These studies suggest that the developed IL catalysts are thermally and chemically stable, indicating their potential use in industrial processes.…”

Section: Ionic-liquid-assisted Chemical Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Wang et al were the first to report the application of ILs for PET depolymerization . Since then, several ILs have been reported in the literature for this purpose. − All of the ILs studied for PET depolymerization have been summarized in Table , along with reaction conditions, PET conversion percentage, BHET yield percentage, and BHET selectivity percentage.…”

Section: Ionic-liquid-assisted Chemical Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy and Environmental Metrics-Based Comparison of Ionic Liquids/Deep Eutectic Solvents-Assisted Chemical Recycling of Waste Poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Kumar,

Bharti

2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Because of excellent thermal, mechanical, and chemical properties, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is widely used in food and beverage packaging, automotive parts, and healthcare applications. However, due to inefficient waste plastic management, these materials end up in landfills, remain in the environment for thousands of years, and threaten the ecological system. This environmental crisis has prompted the development of new upcycling processes. It is believed that chemical recycling is the way forward. In chemical recycling, PET is depolymerized into monomers using solvents. Glycolysis is the solvolytic depolymerization of PET using glycols, mainly ethylene glycol. But PET glycolysis in the absence of a catalyst is extremely slow. Several catalysts, such as metal salts and oxides, have been developed, but severe reaction conditions, low monomer yield, problems in catalyst recovery and reusability, and product purification have limited their use. Therefore, developing efficient catalysts for PET glycolysis under mild reaction conditions is the trend in PET depolymerization. In recent years, ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as new-generation materials and have shown excellent catalytic activity. Therefore, this Review focuses on the glycolysis of PET in the presence of ILs/DESs as catalysts, as studied by researchers. The effect of reaction conditions such as temperature, time, catalyst/PET ratio, and solvent/PET ratio are discussed. The processes are compared using three green metrics, energy economy coefficient (ϵ), environmental factor, and environmental energy impact factor (ξ), to find the best IL/DES. In the end, a perspective has been presented for future research in PET depolymerization.

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Section: Ionic-liquid-assisted Chemical Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Ionic-liquid-assisted Chemical Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and Environmental Metrics-Based Comparison of Ionic Liquids/Deep Eutectic Solvents-Assisted Chemical Recycling of Waste Poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Kumar,

Bharti

2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Challenges and opportunities in catalytic hydrogenolysis of oxygenated plastics waste: polyesters, polycarbonates, and epoxy resins

Mitta,

Li,

Havaei

et al. 2025

Green Chem.

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Effect of Solvent Properties on the Critical Solution Temperature of Thermoresponsive Polymers

Beitl,

Reimhult

2024

IJMS

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The ability of thermoresponsive polymers to respond to temperature with a reversible conformational change makes them promising ‘smart’ materials for solutions in medical and biotechnological applications. In this work, two such polymers and structural isomers were studied: poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNiPAm) and poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) (PiPOx). We compare the critical solution temperatures (CST) of these polymers in D2O and H2O in the presence of Hofmeister series salts, as results obtained under these different solvent conditions are often compared. D2O has a higher dipole moment and electronegativity than H2O, which could significantly alter the CST transition. We used two complementary methods to measure the CST, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and found that the CST decreased significantly in D2O compared to H2O. In the presence of highly concentrated kosmotropes, the CST of both polymers decreased in both solvents. The influence of the kosmotropic anions was smaller than the water isotope effect at low ionic strengths but considerably higher at physiological ionic strengths. However, the Hofmeister anion effect was quantitatively different in H2O than in D2O, with the largest relative differences observed for Cl−, where the CSTs in D2O decreased more than in H2O measured by DLS but less by DSC. PiPOx was more sensitive than PNiPAm to the presence of chaotropes. It exhibited much higher transition enthalpies and multistep transitions, especially in aqueous solutions. Our results highlight that measurements of thermoresponsive polymer properties in D2O cannot be compared directly or quantitatively to application conditions or even measurements performed in H2O.

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Thermo-responsive polymer catalysts for polyester recycling processes: switching from homogeneous catalysis to heterogeneous separations

Abstract: Inspired by the endless versatility offered by functional polymer materials in terms of modulating and imprinting diverse chemical, physical, and/or biological properties, we developed and screened a family of polymer...

Cited by 3 publications

References 75 publications

Energy and Environmental Metrics-Based Comparison of Ionic Liquids/Deep Eutectic Solvents-Assisted Chemical Recycling of Waste Poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Energy and Environmental Metrics-Based Comparison of Ionic Liquids/Deep Eutectic Solvents-Assisted Chemical Recycling of Waste Poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Challenges and opportunities in catalytic hydrogenolysis of oxygenated plastics waste: polyesters, polycarbonates, and epoxy resins

Effect of Solvent Properties on the Critical Solution Temperature of Thermoresponsive Polymers

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