Thermodynamic effects after Diode and Er:YAG laser irradiation of grade IV and V titanium implants placed in bone – an ex vivo study. Preliminary report

Abstract

Many inserted implants are affected by peri-implantitis. The aim of our study was to evaluate increases in implant temperature, depending on the diameter and chemical composition of implants. In particular we measured the time it takes for the temperature of an implant to rise by 10°C and evaluated laser power settings required to prevent thermal injury when an implant surface is decontaminated during the treatment of peri-implantitis. The study analysed six implants placed in porcine ribs and divided into two groups according to their diameter and chemical composition (grade IV and grade V titanium). The implants were irradiated with Diode and Er:YAG lasers using different laser parameters. The temperature was measured with a K-type thermocouple. The temperature on the implant surface rose as the laser power increased and the implant diameter decreased. The time required to increase the temperature of an implant by 10°C was less than it was for titanium grade IV. The temperature gradient was below 10°C for all implants treated using a laser power up to 1 W. It is important to choose the correct laser parameters, depending on the chemical composition and diameter of the implant, so that decontamination of the implant surface is thorough, effective and safe.

Assessment of an Impact of a Diode Laser Mode with Wavelength of 980 nm on a Temperature Rise Measured by Means of k-02 Thermocouple: Preliminary Results

“…Lasery diodowe są stosowane jako narzędzia do ustawiania pozycji urzą-dzeń diagnostycznych (MRT, CT, CBCT) oraz same służą jako instrumenty diagnostyczne i terapeutyczne [4]. W stomatologii laserów diodowych używa się do: diagnostyki próchnicy, biostymulacji, fotoaktywnej dezynfekcji, cięcia i łączenia tkanek miękkich, leczenia zapalenia okołowszczepo-wego, łagodzenia bólu czy oczyszczania zakażo-nych kanałów korzeniowych [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Effect of diode lasers with wavelength of 445 and 980 nm on a temperature rise when uncovering implants for second stage surgery - an ex-vivo study in pigs.

“…Nonetheless, the impact of blue lasers on implant temperature has already been analyzed in relation to laser power. 13,[19][20][21][22] The main objective of this study was to determine effective and safe energy settings for a 445 nm diode laser operating in contact and non-contact mode for implants made from pure titanium (grade IV) in comparison with an infrared wavelength of 980 nm.…”

“…12 Some studies have shown that the Er:YAG laser induced minimal peri-implant temperature increase, has the positive effects for pain decrease and facilitates a prosthetic impression procedure. 13,14 Other studies using a CO 2 laser proved its disadvantage: an increase in the titanium implant temperature. There is only one study in the literature, conducted by Fornaini et al, regarding the surgical use of the KTP laser for implant second stage surgery.…”

“…[5][6][7][8] Diode lasers play a significant role in soft tissue vaporization and in the decontamination of infected implant surfaces. 5,13 However, particular attention should be paid to preventing overheating of the bone when applying these devices during surgical procedures. 16 Due to direct bone-implant contact and the special composition of the soft tissue in the implant neck area, the blood flow in this area is reduced, which increases the risk of thermal injuries being transmitted by the implant to the bone tissue.…”

Laser instant implant impression method: A case presentation

“…23 Laser intervention significantly reduces postoperative pain, discomfort and swelling, and causes only a minimal thermal rise in the bone around the implant. [24][25][26] The ab- …”