Thermodynamic evaluation and optimization of the (NaCl + KCl + MgCl2+ CaCl2+ ZnCl2) system

Robelin, Christian; Chartrand, Patrice

doi:10.1016/j.jct.2010.10.013

Cited by 70 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…No COF formation was observed in any of these reaction media, hinting possibly at the importance of ZnCl 2 and ZnCl 2 -precursor adducts observed previously in the COF formation reaction. In order to test this hypothesis,w eu sed aZ nCl 2 containing three-salt eutectic mixture,n amely NaCl/KCl/ ZnCl 2 , [32] with at heoretical melting point of 240 8 8C. In at ypical reaction, the three salts (see SI for exact composition) were ground thoroughly and mixed together with the respective starting materials PMDAand TT/TAPA, followed Angewandte Chemie by heating to 250 8 8Cu nder vacuum (Scheme 2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionothermal Synthesis of Imide‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks

et al. 2020

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Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an extensively studied class of porous materials, which distinguish themselves from other porous polymers in their crystallinity and high degree of modularity, enabling a wide range of applications. COFs are most commonly synthesized solvothermally, which is often a time‐consuming process and restricted to well‐soluble precursor molecules. Synthesis of polyimide‐linked COFs (PI‐COFs) is further complicated by the poor reversibility of the ring‐closing reaction under solvothermal conditions. Herein, we report the ionothermal synthesis of crystalline and porous PI‐COFs in zinc chloride and eutectic salt mixtures. This synthesis does not require soluble precursors and the reaction time is significantly reduced as compared to standard solvothermal synthesis methods. In addition to applying the synthesis to previously reported imide COFs, a new perylene‐based COF was also synthesized, which could not be obtained by the classical solvothermal route. In situ high‐temperature XRPD analysis hints to the formation of precursor–salt adducts as crystalline intermediates, which then react with each other to form the COF.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionothermal Synthesis of Imide‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks

et al. 2020

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“…Synthesis with n'' KCl introduces two key differences: 1) O 2 is needed as a Lux-Flood base and 2) the high MP of the components decreases the ionic mobility. Thus, the melting of Ni II phases cannot occur at < 550 8C for a broad range of n'' (Figure 3), [23] owing to solid-to-solid reactions. The partial oxidation of solid NiCl 2 (n'' = 0) to NiO occurs at 550 8C under dry air flow resulting solely in octahedral NiO (Figure 3 and S13 v).…”

Section: Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of NiO Crystals Exposing Stable High‐Index Facets

et al. 2020

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Metal oxides exposing high‐index facets are potentially impactful in catalysis and adsorption processes owing to under‐coordinated ions and polarities that alter their interfacial properties compared to low‐index facets. Here, we report molten‐salt syntheses of NiO particles exposing a variety of crystal facets. We show that for a given anion (nitrate or chloride), the alkali cation has a notable impact on the formation of crystals exposing {311}, {611}, {100}, and {111} faces. Based on a parametric analysis of synthesis conditions, we postulate that the crystallization mechanism is governed by the formation of growth units consisting of NiII complexes whose coordination numbers are determined by temperature and the selection of anion (associated to the coordination sphere) and alkali cation (associated with the outer coordination sphere). Notably, our findings reveal that high‐index facets are particularly favored in chloride media and are stable under prolonged periods of catalysis and steaming.

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“…Phase diagram of KCl/ZnCl 2 (adapted from [50] The additional heat treatment was conducted for 2 h at 350 °C. The porosity of the obtained samples was investigated by N 2 -physisorption measurements (Figure 2).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose derived ionothermal carbons with tailor-made porosity

Pampel

Dento

Fellinger

2016

Carbon

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An ionothermal synthesis strategy to obtain a set of glucose derived carbons with tailored pore system is demonstrated. The biomass derived materials possess high surface areas and large total pore volumes with values up to 2160 m2 g−1 and 1.74 cm3 g−1, respectively. The tailoring of the pore system is realized by simply changing the molar composition of the KCl/ZnCl2 mixture which serves as combined solvent-porogen. Increasing \KCl\} contents result in a continuous pore opening and rising pore volume leading to enhanced mass transport porosity. Those effects are accompanied by a linear decrease of the specific surface area which allows for the preparation of porous carbons of high and predictable surface areas between 2160 and 960 m2 g−1. Experiments exemplarily shown for the application as supercapacitor electrodes, the different materials show a decreased gravimetric capacity, but enhanced capacity retention as well as improved areal capacity with incresased \{KCl\ content nicely supporting the improved mass transport properties

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Thermodynamic evaluation and optimization of the (NaCl + KCl + MgCl2+ CaCl2+ ZnCl2) system

Cited by 70 publications

References 42 publications

Ionothermal Synthesis of Imide‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks

Ionothermal Synthesis of Imide‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks

Synthesis of NiO Crystals Exposing Stable High‐Index Facets

Glucose derived ionothermal carbons with tailor-made porosity

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