Thermodynamic modeling and phase diagram prediction of salt lake brine systems II. Aqueous Li+-Na+-K+-SO42− and its subsystems

Zhou, Huan; Wu, Peng; Li, Wenxuan; Wang, Xingfan; Zhou, Kuo; Hao, Qing

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2020.11.040

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The wet solid-phase samples are separated rapidly by isothermal filtration and dried with a filter paper for chemical analysis and solid species identification by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). , However, the CO 2 ’s influence on the wet solid in the experiments cannot be avoided because of both the solid–liquid phase separation process of filtration and the detection process of XRD exposed in air. The XRD pattern shows that BaCO 3 existed but other solid species existed outside the studied equilibrium system.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid–Liquid Phase Equilibria of Ba²⁺//Cl^–, S^2–, OH^––H₂O Quaternary and Subsystems at 298.15 K

Yang,

Zhou,

et al. 2023

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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The solid−liquid phase equilibria of the Ba 2+ //Cl − , S 2− , and OH − −H 2 O quaternary system and its three subternary systems at 298.15 K are studied via the isothermal solubility phase equilibrium method. The solubility data, liquid properties of density and pH, and phase diagrams of the ternary and quaternary systems are obtained. Solid species of Ba(OH) 2 •8H 2 O, BaCl 2 • 2H 2 O, Ba(OH)Cl•2H 2 O, and BaS exist in the quaternary system and corresponding ternary systems at 298.15 K. The four solid species build up two invariant points, one disproportionate and one proportionate, and four phase regions. The largest phase area is covered by Ba(OH)•8H 2 O, and the lowest water point is the proportionate invariant point saturated by BaCl 2 •2H 2 O, Ba(OH)Cl•2H 2 O, and BaS.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid–Liquid Phase Equilibria of Ba²⁺//Cl^–, S^2–, OH^––H₂O Quaternary and Subsystems at 298.15 K

Yang,

Zhou,

et al. 2023

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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“…The essence of digital intelligence is system engineering, which aligns with the nature of CM that views the human body as an open, complex, and gigantic system. [9,10] It is promising to replicate human experience more objectively and make clinical decisions more efficiently and precisely to overcome the limitations of CM development. In addition, improvement could be achieved by data connections and system iteration.…”

Section: Three Pathsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roadmap for modern development of Chinese medicine: Traditional, evidence-based, and digital-intelligent paths

Zhang,

et al. 2023

Sci Tradit Chin Med

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Accelerating the modernization of Chinese medicine (CM) is the focus of CM development in the new era. Looking back over the past 50 years, CM has progressed along traditional, evidence-based, and digital-intelligent paths. These paths have intertwined and mutually propelled the advancement of CM modernization. This article analyzes the patterns of 3 paths, summarizes the current status of CM development along these paths, and presents a vision for future development.

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“…Among them, the interaction between ions in the sulfate system containing sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium is complex, and many kinds of double salts may be formed, which is the key to the research. So far, a series of experimental studies have been carried out on the sulfate system containing sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, as described below: binary systems of Na 2 SO 4 –H 2 O at 272–514 K, K 2 SO 4 –H 2 O at 271.6–562.15 K, and MgSO 4 –H 2 O at 269.28–511.15 K; ternary systems of Na + , K + //SO 4 2– –H 2 O at 298.2, 303.2, 313.2, 323.2, and 348.2 K; − Na + , Mg 2+ //SO 4 2– –H 2 O at 298.2, 313.2, 318.2, 323.2, and 348.2 K; ,− and K + , Mg 2+ //SO 4 2– –H 2 O at 298.2, 308.2, 318.2, 323.2, and 348.2 K; ,− and quinary system Li + , Na + , K + , Mg 2+ //SO 4 2– –H 2 O at 298.2 K . By analysis of the above phase diagram, the results indicated that (1) the crystallization areas of single salts and double salts are different at different temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid–Liquid Phase Equilibria of Aqueous Quaternary System Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺//SO₄^2––H₂O at T = 298.2 and 323.2 K

Zeng,

Ma,

et al. 2024

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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The phase equilibria of aqueous quaternary system Na + , K + , Mg 2+ //SO 4 2− −H 2 O at T = 298.2 and 323.2 K were studied by the isothermal dissolution method. The density, refractive index, and composition of the equilibrium solution were determined, on the basis of which the phase diagrams and density/refractive index vs composition diagrams were drawn. There were four quaternary invariant points and six crystallization regions corresponding to single salts K 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 •10H 2 O, and MgSO 4 •7H 2 O and double salts Na 2 SO 4 •3K 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 •MgSO 4 •4H 2 O, and K 2 SO 4 •MgSO 4 • 6H 2 O in the quaternary system Na + , K + , Mg 2+ //SO 4 2− −H 2 O at 298.2 K. When the temperature of the system was increased to 323.2 K, the crystalline form of some salts changed Na 2 SO 4 •10H 2 O, MgSO 4 •7H 2 O, and K 2 SO 4 • MgSO 4 •6H 2 O transformed into Na 2 SO 4 , MgSO 4 •6H 2 O, and K 2 SO 4 •MgSO 4 • 4H 2 O, respectively. At 298.2 and 323.2 K, the crystallization region area of the potassium salt composed of Na 2 SO 4 •3K 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , and K 2 SO 4 •MgSO 4 •nH 2 O was more than 72% of the whole crystallization region area, which indicated that potassium was most easily crystallized from the system, at which the crystallization region of Na 2 SO 4 •3K 2 SO 4 was the largest; potassium may be more easily precipitated from this system in the form of Na 2 SO 4 •3K 2 SO 4 . With the increase in temperature from 298.2 to 323.2 K, the crystallization region of Na 2 SO 4 •MgSO 4 •4H 2 O significantly increased, while the crystallization regions of Na 2 SO 4 •nH 2 O and MgSO 4 •nH 2 O significantly reduced. The sodium and magnesium in the system can be removed according to the change in the crystallization regions of sodium and magnesium with temperature, which provides favorable conditions for the preparation of K 2 SO 4 .

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Thermodynamic modeling and phase diagram prediction of salt lake brine systems II. Aqueous Li+-Na+-K+-SO42− and its subsystems

Cited by 7 publications

References 58 publications

Solid–Liquid Phase Equilibria of Ba²⁺//Cl^–, S^2–, OH^––H₂O Quaternary and Subsystems at 298.15 K

Solid–Liquid Phase Equilibria of Ba²⁺//Cl^–, S^2–, OH^––H₂O Quaternary and Subsystems at 298.15 K

Roadmap for modern development of Chinese medicine: Traditional, evidence-based, and digital-intelligent paths

Solid–Liquid Phase Equilibria of Aqueous Quaternary System Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺//SO₄^2––H₂O at T = 298.2 and 323.2 K

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Thermodynamic modeling and phase diagram prediction of salt lake brine systems II. Aqueous Li+-Na+-K+-SO42− and its subsystems

Cited by 7 publications

References 58 publications

Solid–Liquid Phase Equilibria of Ba2+//Cl–, S2–, OH––H2O Quaternary and Subsystems at 298.15 K

Solid–Liquid Phase Equilibria of Ba2+//Cl–, S2–, OH––H2O Quaternary and Subsystems at 298.15 K

Roadmap for modern development of Chinese medicine: Traditional, evidence-based, and digital-intelligent paths

Solid–Liquid Phase Equilibria of Aqueous Quaternary System Na+, K+, Mg2+//SO42––H2O at T = 298.2 and 323.2 K

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Solid–Liquid Phase Equilibria of Ba²⁺//Cl^–, S^2–, OH^––H₂O Quaternary and Subsystems at 298.15 K

Solid–Liquid Phase Equilibria of Ba²⁺//Cl^–, S^2–, OH^––H₂O Quaternary and Subsystems at 298.15 K

Solid–Liquid Phase Equilibria of Aqueous Quaternary System Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺//SO₄^2––H₂O at T = 298.2 and 323.2 K