Thermodynamic properties of liquid Bi–Sn alloys

Thermodynamic assessment of the Bi–Sn–Zn System

“…The eutectic temperature obtained in the calculation is 138.4 • C, which is in very good agreement with the value measured by Braga et al [5] (138.6 • C). For comparison, Ohtani and Ishida [10] calculated the eutectic temperature to be 140.7 • C and Lee et al [19] determined a value of 138.8 • C. A very good agreement between calculated and experimentally measured [15] activities of Sn in liquid Bi-Sn alloys at 450 • C is shown in Fig. 4(a).…”

“…3 and is compared with relevant phase equilibrium data taken from our work and those mentioned above. The calculated activity and enthalpy of mixing of liquid Bi-Sn alloys at 450 • C are compared with the calorimetric data of Sharkey and Pool [14] and Asryan and Mikula [15] in Fig. 4(a) and (b).…”

“…2 shows these data superimposed on the phase diagram calculated using the thermodynamic parameters from the assessment of Ohtani and Ishida [10]). We have also taken into account new thermodynamic data measured by Asryan and Mikula [15] and the phase equilibrium data published by Oelsen and Golücke [9] concerning the solubility of Sn in the Rhombohedral A7 (Bi) phase. The selected data of Ohtani and Ishida [10] and Nagasaki and Fujita [8] were used for the comparison with the calculated phase diagram only.…”

“…[12][13][14]. Many authors have measured the activities of Sn in the liquid phase using electromotive force (EMF) methods; one of the most recent works in this field is the contribution of Asryan and Mikula [15]. Yazawa and Koike [16] also measured the activities of Bi in the liquid at 1100 • C, whereas Rickert et al [17] measured activities at 750-1050 • C. The activities measured by the various authors were in good mutual agreement, showing a slight positive deviation from ideality.…”

Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Ag-Bi-Sn Alloys

“…25,26 The results of the different measurements show large scatter and some contradictions. More recent experimental results by emf measurement given by Asryan and Mikula 26 have shown that the enthalpy of mixing versus composition was asymmetric. The phase …”