Thermodynamics-aided alloy design and evaluation of Pb-free solder, SnBiInZn system

Phase Equilibria in the Bi-In-Sn-Zn System. Thermal Analysis vs. Calculations

“…4. Calculated isopleths of Bi-In-Sn-Zn system: (a) Sn-Bi-2In-9Zn and (b) Sn-Bi-5Sn-6Zn alloys compared with the temperature arrests measured by DSC method [2] considering the β phase (BiIn 9 ), which is in better agreement with the experimental data than the earlier calculation. They also accepted the limiting solubility of Sn in the binary BiIn, Bi 3 In 5 and BiIn 2 intermetallic phases.…”

“…The composition dependence of the (Sn) dissolution limit is in very good agreement with the calculated results. Moreover, the difference in the experimental and the calculated temperatures of solidus and liquidus observed in Figs 4a-b can be connected with the unusual method of analysis of the thermal arrests found on the DSC curves performed by Yoon et al [2].…”

“…1d and 1g) which is known to be relatively difficult to detect. (Tables 1a-i and Tables 2a-b) The comparison between the experimental data of Yoon et al [2] and the calculated isopleths of Sn-Bi-2In-9Zn and SnBi-5In-6Zn (in mas. %) is presented in Figs 5a-b, respectively.…”

“…Some Sn-rich alloys have been analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry [2] and their microstructure was examined with the use of SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction). This is, basically, the only available data, as no extensive investigations of this type of quaternary alloys have been conducted, so far.…”

Genetic alloy design based on thermodynamics and kinetics

“…Thermodynamics aided design approaches have been applied, at different degrees, in various systems such as Fe-NiCo [1], Al-Ti-V-Zr [2], Sn-Bi-In-Zn [3], Mg-Li-Al-Zn [4], Mg-Ce-Mn-Y [5], multicomponent powder metallurgy high speed steels [6] and Ultra-High Strength steels [7]. Another popular computational approach is artificial neural networks which extracts empirical trends from exploring large databases [8].…”