TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) films are subjected to heating in production. As the temperature rises, thermal stress will be generated inside the TPU film. It causes defects, such as wrinkles and cracks, in the moving TPU film; therefore, it is of great significance to study the thermoelastic coupling effect of the moving TPU film in the printing process. To study the thermoelastic coupling vibration characteristics of the moving TPU film under the opposite edge tension, it includes combining the thermal conduction equation with temperature coupling term and the vibration differential equation with variable temperature effect to get the coupling equation. The differential quadrature method is used to discretize the vibration differential equation. The influence of the thermoelastic coupling coefficient, aspect ratio, and tension ratio on the vibration characteristics of the TPU film is studied.