Thermoelectrical degradation processes in NTC thermistors for in-rush current protection of electronic circuits

Preparation and electrical properties of perovskite ceramics in the system BaBi1−xSbxO3 (0≤x≤0.5)

“…They are mainly used in electronics for the suppression of in-rush current, for temperature measurement and control, and for compensation for other circuit elements [2][3][4]. There is a large choice of NTC materials, but those most used in practice are based on solid solutions of transition metal oxides, such as Mn 3 O 4 , Co 3 O 4 , and NiO, with the spinel structure of the general formula AB 2 O 4 [5][6][7][8].…”

The effect of Zn on the microstructure and electrical properties of Mn1.17−xNi0.93Co0.9ZnxO4 (0≤x≤0.075) NTC thermistors

“…They are widely used in various industrial and domestic applications, e.g., elements for the suppression of in-rush current, for temperature measurements and controls, and for compensation for other circuit elements [3][4][5]. Their electrical conduction is usually explained by the thermally activated phonon-assisted hopping of charge carriers between cations of differing oxidation states on the octahedral sites of the spinel structure, which is induced by lattice vibrations [6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Structural and electrical properties of MgO-doped Mn1.4Ni1.2Co0.4−xMgxO4 (0≤x≤0.25) NTC thermistors

“…NTC thermistors are widely used in a variety of industrial areas such as automotive, cellular phone, telecommunication, and aerospace, e.g., elements for the suppression of in-rush current, for temperature measurements and control, and for compensation for other circuit elements. [10][11][12] The selection of a given metal oxide material for the applications of NTC thermistors is mainly determined by the required resistivity and the B 25/85 constant, i.e., the thermal sensitivity.…”