Thermoluminescence and the relation between thermal and optical activation energies in diamond

Nahum, J.; Halperin, A.

doi:10.1016/0022-3697(63)90059-3

Cited by 51 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…These trapping centers have been investigated by Nahum and Halperin. 24 Following the pretreatment, photocurrents in all spectral regions were observed to increase linearly with applied field up to ^800 V cm" 1 . At higher fields saturation effects occurred and the signal to noise ratio decreased, these effects being specimen-dependent, Fields ~800 V cm -1 were, therefore, generally used for maximum sensitivity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Ultraviolet Intrinsic and Extrinsic Photoconductivity of Natural Diamond

1967

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A detailed investigation has been made of the photoconductivity response of several types of natural diamond in the spectral energy range from 3.0 to 5.9 eV. Oscillatory structure in the photoconductivity beyond the fundamental absorption edge at 5.49 eV has been shown to be closely related to similar oscillatory structure in the luminescence-excitation spectra, but does not appear in the absorption spectrum. The oscillations appear only together with the N9 absorption/luminescence system with no-phonon lines at 5.25 and 5.26 eV, which has recently been attributed to the creation and decay of indirect excitons bound to nearest-neighbor nitrogen-aluminum donor-acceptor pairs (5DA complex). The photoconductivity minima and the luminescence-excitation maxima are attributed to the enhanced probability of the creation of bound-exciton N9 states if the residual kinetic energy of free excitons is very low after the dissipation of the majority of their excess energy through the cascade emission of optical phonons. Photoconductivity quenching has also been observed in the region of the no-phonon lines of the N9 system, and the temperature dependence of this effect has been found to be consistent with one of the proposed decay modes of the 5DA complex. A photoconductivity threshold has been observed at 4.05 eV in all insulating diamonds, which is considered to be the photoionization limit for the isolated substitutional nitrogen donor. Photo-Hall-effect measurements have been made which support this explanation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Ultraviolet Intrinsic and Extrinsic Photoconductivity of Natural Diamond

1967

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“…40,[46][47][48] In this way, the continuous distribution of trap depths is also emptied up to a certain depth, depending on T stop . However, care should be taken that the preheating phase in each experiment has the same duration, to avoid the effects of fading.…”

Section: Combining Tl and Initial Rise Analysis For Trap Depth Spementioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing trap depth distributions in persistent phosphors

et al. 2013

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Persistent luminescence or afterglow is caused by a gradual release of charge carriers from trapping centers. The energy needed to release these charge carriers is determined by the trap depths. Knowledge of these trap depths is therefore crucial in the understanding of the persistent luminescence mechanism. Unfortunately, the trap depths in persistent phosphors are often difficult to evaluate in an accurate and reliable way. The existing analysis methods are mostly based on single experiments, or they ignore the possibility of a continuous distribution of trap depths. We present a procedure to accurately probe the activation energies, even in the presence of a continuous distribution of energy levels. By performing a series of thermoluminescence experiments with varying excitation duration and at varying excitation temperature, and employing the initial rise analysis method, the depth and shape of such a distribution can be estimated. As an example, we investigated the trap system in the violet persistent phosphor CaAl 2 O 4 :Eu,Nd, and show that it consists of a Gaussian-shaped distribution of trap depths. The maximal density of traps lies in the region around 0.9 eV, but the distribution extends to 0.7 eV on the shallow side and 1.2 eV on the deep side. The described procedure can be used to obtain a clear view of the trap system in other persistent phosphors as well. This can lead to a better understanding of the nature of these trapping centers, and the role they play in the persistent luminescent mechanism.

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“…The energy of the trap related to the main peak at 245 K is around 0.4 eV, which is close to the boron thermal ionization energy in diamond. A strong peak around 250 K has already been observed by TL on type IIb diamond crystals, which contain substitutional boron [4,12]. Thus, the peaks we observed may be related to residual boron.…”

Section: Low-energy Trapsmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Consequently, the dose received by diamond per unity of mass is close to that received by soft tissue. However, previous studies have shown that in the case of natural diamond the thermoluminescence signal is low and not reproducible [4,5]. An important point is to determine if CVD diamond will overcome these problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermally Stimulated Conductivity and Luminescence in Polycrystalline Diamond Films

Gheeraert

Deneuville

Gonon

et al. 1999

phys. stat. sol. (a)

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Thermally stimulated currents (TSC) and thermoluminescence (TL) have been studied in polycrystalline diamond films of different qualities in order to gain information about the deep levels present within the bandgap of this material. The TL has been studied between 300 and 670 K after UV light illumination, and the TSC between 300 and 600 K after various excitations (UV light, from a tungsten lamp, X‐rays). TL and TSC peaks are observed at 470 and 560 K, and depend on the quality of the diamond and on the illumination conditions. At low temperature three TSC peaks appear at 245, 283 and 312 K after illumination with a tungsten lamp. A spectral analysis of the 470 K luminescence and electron emission measurement shows that the defect associated with this signal is an acceptor, and the hole released is trapped on a level 2.6 eV deep. Complementary ESR measurements show that paramagnetic nitrogen centers are not involved in the peak observed at 560 K.

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Thermoluminescence and the relation between thermal and optical activation energies in diamond

Cited by 51 publications

References 11 publications

Ultraviolet Intrinsic and Extrinsic Photoconductivity of Natural Diamond

Ultraviolet Intrinsic and Extrinsic Photoconductivity of Natural Diamond

Revealing trap depth distributions in persistent phosphors

Thermally Stimulated Conductivity and Luminescence in Polycrystalline Diamond Films

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