Thermometry of intermediate level waste containers using phosphor thermometry and thermal imaging

McMillan, Jamie; Greenen, A.; Bond, W; Hayes, Michael M.; Simpson, Robert L.; Sutton, Gavin; Machin, G.; Jowsey, J.; Adamska, Anna

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2018.09.030

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Often powders are seeded into liquid and used to combine temperature and velocity maps [18], but they can also be mixed with a binder and applied to an object to measure surface temperature. Previous work has shown that there are MFG-binder combinations that are suitable for use in nuclear decommissioning and waste storage conditions [3] and that this phosphor coating can be used as an emissivity-free alternative to thermal imaging [2]. Phosphors have competing decay mechanisms-radiative by an electron change of energy level (photon) or thermal by lattice vibration (phonon).…”

Section: Phosphor Thermometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contact sensors can themselves be damaged by transmutation, and changes in the object being measured such as oxidation, corrosion, and densification can unpredictably alter, for example, heat-flux rate, contact thermal resistance and thermal radiance. Errors up to 20 • C even at a relatively low temperature of 80 • C have been reported for both thermocouples and radiation thermometers [2] This makes it difficult for those monitoring the waste to tell what might be a problem that needs addressing rather than what is a problem with thermometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward Gamma Ray Immune Fibre-Optic Phosphor Thermometry for Nuclear Decommissioning

et al. 2022

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Temperature measurement of stored nuclear waste is important for long-term monitoring. Conventional sensors can degrade in ionizing radiation from induced transmutations and their frequent replacement is inconvenient. A thermometer based on suitable phosphors can overcome some problems, but the optical signal needs to be transmitted through an optical fibre and processed remotely away from the dangerous area. This requires that the optical fibre itself be suitably resistant to radiation-induced damage. Here, we report transmission measurements through a type of hollow-core fibre based on anti-resonance and with transmission windows at wavelengths suitable for use with the thermographic phosphor magnesium fluorogermanate whilst subjected to gamma radiation. Its performance is compared to commercially available standard fibres (single mode and radiation hard fibres) at dose rates equivalent to decades of use in a storage facility. Transmission was unchanged for the anti-resonant fibre at the phosphor emission wavelength and it was successfully incorporated into a fibre thermometer that worked from $${20}\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 20 ∘ C to $$200\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 200 ∘ C . Performance at the phosphor excitation wavelength needs to be improved by modification to the hollow-core fibre design, but we show that a hybrid of single mode and anti-resonant fibres can already be made into a thermometer with suitable gamma immunity.

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Section: Phosphor Thermometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Gamma Ray Immune Fibre-Optic Phosphor Thermometry for Nuclear Decommissioning

et al. 2022

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“…McMillan et al (2019) monitored the internal container temperature of medium‐level waste containers that are utilized for radioactive waste disposal. The experimental results indicated that there is a linear relationship between the internal temperature and the vent temperature of the storage drum, based on thermal imagery and phosphor thermometry analysis.…”

Section: Container For Radioactive Waste Disposalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioactive waste: A review

Deng

Zhang

Dong

et al. 2020

Water Environment Research

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The reviewed papers presented here provide a general overview of worldwide radioactive waste-related studies conducted in 2019. The current review includes studies related to safety assessments, decommission and decontamination of nuclear facilities, fusion facilities, and transportation. Further, the review highlights radioactive wastewater decontamination, management solutions for the final disposal of low-and highlevel radioactive wastes (LLRW and HLRW), interim storage and final disposal options for spent fuel (SF), and tritiated wastes, with a focus on environmental impacts due to the mobility of radionuclides in the ecosystem, water and soil along with other research progress made in the management of radioactive waste. © 2020 Water Environment Federation • Practitioner points • The release of radionuclides and their subsequent fate and transport in the environment poses public health concern and has stimulated recent research on the waste management techniques. • Seeking a safe and environmental-friendly solution is the current trend for existing and projected inventories of radioactive waste. • Significant progress in the field of geological disposal of radioactive waste has been made in the last two decades.

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“…Recent laboratory-based measurements of an ILW container demonstrated a correlation between the temperature measured from internal contact thermometers and the external vent radiance temperature [2]. To understand the challenges applying these laboratory measurements to the ventilated engineered stores used, this experimental design was replicated in an environmental chamber to simulate the varying temperatures and high humidity typically experienced.…”

Section: Scope Of Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A schematic of the ILW container can be seen in Fig. 1, the experimental conditions are identical to those in [2]. To supply heat to the container, two heaters were placed at the bottom of the container above the insulation layer, comprising both wooden blocks and multi-layer insulation.…”

Section: Container Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermometry of intermediate level nuclear waste containers in multiple environmental conditions

Norman,

Sposito,

McMillan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Intermediate level nuclear waste must be stored until it is safe for permanent disposal. Temperature monitoring of waste packages is important to the nuclear decommissioning industry to support management of each package. Phosphor thermometry and thermal imaging have been used to monitor the temperature of intermediate level waste containers within the expected range of environmental storage conditions at the Sellafield Ltd site: temperatures from 10 °C to 25 °C and relative humidities from 60 %rh to 90 %rh. The feasibility of determining internal temperature from external surface temperature measurement in the required range of environmental conditions has been demonstrated.

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Thermometry of intermediate level waste containers using phosphor thermometry and thermal imaging

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Toward Gamma Ray Immune Fibre-Optic Phosphor Thermometry for Nuclear Decommissioning

Toward Gamma Ray Immune Fibre-Optic Phosphor Thermometry for Nuclear Decommissioning

Radioactive waste: A review

Thermometry of intermediate level nuclear waste containers in multiple environmental conditions

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