Thermoplastic polyurethanes for biomedical application: A synthetic, mechanical, antibacterial, and cytotoxic study

Abstract

Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) bear tunable chemistry offering the possibility to develop a rich palette of physio‐mechanical properties, making the materials suitable for various fields of application. The great variety in TPUs properties comes from the choices of the monomers and the reaction conditions. Herein, the mechanical properties of the developed TPUs are tailored, while fine‐tuning the hard and soft segment molar ratio, as well as the reaction conditions. TPUs are synthesized from 4,4′‐methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate), poly(tetrahydrofuran), and 1,4‐butanediol, and their thermal and mechanical properties are fully characterized. The sample with the most appropriate mechanical properties that are suitable for catheter fabrication, is selected for the biomedical application. Quaternary ammonium salt is synthesized, and 0.5 mol% is incorporated in the TPU to confer antibacterial properties to the material while preserving its mechanical strength. The microbiological tests reveal the antibacterial effect of the developed materials against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as 80% SiHa cell viability, after 72 h of exposure, as part of the performed cytotoxicity studies. Finally, TPUs catheter prototypes fabrication is also proposed, applying an extrusion or injection molding approach for the production of biomedical devices with desirable mechanical properties.

Anatomically and Biomechanically Relevant Monolithic Total Disc Replacement Made of 3D-Printed Thermoplastic Polyurethane

“…The indirect assay followed the ISO 10993-5 standard for in vitro toxicity tests [ 64 ]. This assay was a CellTiter 96 ® AQueous Non-Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) that contained 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS), the so-called MTS assay [ 65 , 66 ].…”

Design of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes with Conferred Antibacterial, Mechanical, and Cytotoxic Properties for Catheter Application

“…1 H NMR and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopies, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses were carried out using equipment and conditions previously reported. ,, …”

“…The catheter fabrication was performed through extrusion according to the procedure described in a previous study. 19 ■ ASSOCIATED CONTENT * sı Supporting Information . The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsabm.2c00531.…”

“…As a final step, catheter prototype fabrication based on the most promising compound TPU-Mix was carried out through an extrusion process (parallel twinscrew extruder), as described in our previous study. 19 Based on the morphological analysis, the resulting material presented a homogeneous compact polymer matrix and confirmed the thermal stability (absence of color change and thermooxidative degradation) and the processing feasibility of the material (Figure 11).…”

“…Therefore, a range of TPUs was developed with a great range of mechanical properties. After the successful incorporation of the active agents (0.5 mol %), their antibacterial and cytotoxicity properties were studied. Additionally a mixture of QAS / QPS in an appropriate molar ratio was tested for the synergistic effect once incorporated in the TPU matrix .…”