Thermoset, bioactive, metal–polymer composites for medical applications

Madhav, Hari; Singh, Naveen G; Jaiswar, Gautam

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816874-5.00004-9

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…[1,2] The past several decades have witnessed the broad applications of MPCs in traditional engineering, such as flexible conductors, automotive, aviation, aerospace, and electronic industries. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] which finally created dynamic soft conductors. Through the diverse metal phase diagrams, the BMPCs would offer a new direction for next-generation soft conductors, which broaden their applications in modern technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimuli‐Driven Insulator–Conductor Transition in a Flexible Polymer Composite Enabled by Biphasic Liquid Metal

et al. 2021

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Metal–polymer composites (MPCs) with combined properties of metals and polymers have achieved much industrial success. However, metals in MPCs are thought to be ordinary and invariable electrically conductive fillers in supportive polymers to show limited use in modern technologies. This work that is disclosed here, for the first time, introduces stimuli‐driven transition from biphasic to monophasic state of liquid metal into polymer science to form dynamic soft conductors from the binary metal–polymer composites. The binary metal that exhibits temperature‐driven reversible transition between solid and liquid states via a biphasic state is fabricated. A conducting stretchable polymer composite is developed using the judiciously chosen biphasic binary metal that undergoes conductor to insulator transition upon stretching. Insulating stretched films become conducting upon heating. A “tube” model elegantly describes such distinctive deformation/temperature‐dependent behaviors. Moreover, the conducting polymer composite shows decrease in its resistance upon increasing the sample temperature. The resistance can be tuned from 1 to 108 Ω depending on the state of binary metal in the phase diagram. This work would build the intimate and interesting connection between metal phases and polymer science toward next‐generation soft conductors and beyond.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimuli‐Driven Insulator–Conductor Transition in a Flexible Polymer Composite Enabled by Biphasic Liquid Metal

et al. 2021

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“…Polyurethanes are classified as thermosetting polymers, which are composed of organic units linked by urethane (or carbamate) bonds. They are versatile polymers of strong chemical structure (Lanaro et al., 2018), with an outstanding role as binders in medium‐density fiberboards, laminated wood, particleboards, among others (Madhav et al., 2019). Although its use is widespread, currently the formulation of polyurethanes that do not contain isocyanates in its structure is pursued, due to the need to eradicate phosgene in its production process (Figovsky et al, 2013; Kathalewar et al., 2013).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tannin‐based bio‐adhesives for the wood panel industry as sustainable alternatives to petrochemical resins

Arias

González‐García

Feijoo

2021

J of Industrial Ecology

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The development of natural‐based adhesives is a key aspect in reducing the consumption of fossil resources, in adapting to legislation on the use of formaldehyde and in ensuring the sustainability of the wood panel industry. This study focuses on five alternatives for tannin‐based adhesives (tannin‐paraformaldehyde, tannin‐glyoxal, tannin‐hexamine, tannin non‐isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) with ammonium hydroxide and tannin NIPU with HDMA bio‐adhesives) as potential proposals for the substitution of synthetic adhesives currently used: Urea‐formaldehyde (UF), Phenol‐formaldehyde (PF) and melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF). Modeling and simulation tools were used for the conceptual design of the reaction stage of the bio‐adhesives due to the lack of real data from industrial scale production systems. The life cycle assessment methodology was used to identify the environmental impacts associated with the production processes of these bio‐adhesives. The results obtained showed that tannin NIPU bio‐adhesive with ammonium hydroxide has the best environmental profile, although the other alternative bio‐adhesives also show good environmental profiles compared to synthetic adhesives. Sensitivity analyses have been carried out after evaluating the main hot spots in the production processes. In all of them, reductions of the environmental impacts have been observed, with the replacement of DMC by EC and the reduction of energy consumption being the options that showed the greatest improvements.

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“…Similarly, Mir and Kumar studied how the presence of CNTs and their surface functionalization affects the T g of the polymer matrix [49]. In PNCs with metallic fillers, DSC can be used to measure the onset and peak temperature of exothermic or endothermic reactions to understand the decomposition or melting of the metal NPs [50]. Moreover, DSC can provide information about the crystallization temperature, percentage crystallinity, and other properties of hybrid PNCs [51].…”

Section: Thermal Analysis Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging synthesis and characterization techniques for hybrid polymer nanocomposites

Sarma,

Rao

2023

Nanotechnology

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Metallic nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes are two of the most promising nanomaterials, due to their distinctive properties occurring from spatial confinement of electron-hole pairs. The unique combination of metallic nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a polymer matrix offers unparalleled advantages, making them highly desirable in various fields. Advanced methods and techniques for synthesizing and characterizing hybrid metal-CNT-polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) have undergone significant progress in recent years, paving their integration into various fields, including aerospace, electronics, energy, water treatment and environmental remediation. These advances have allowed better understanding of nanocomposite properties and imparted ability to tune specific properties through size, shape, and distribution control of the nanofillers within the matrix material or by altering filler properties through functionalization. This review aims to critically judge the emerging tools, techniques and methods used in polymer nanocomposites with specific focus on metal-CNT based hybrid polymer nanocomposites, and suggest new avenues for research in the field. Furthermore, by examining the mechanisms affecting the performance of these composites, we can understand how the inclusion of fillers alters the microstructure and overall behavior of the material. Ultimately, this knowledge could lay the foundation for the development of novel nanocomposites with tailored properties and enhanced performance in a plethora of applications.

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Thermoset, bioactive, metal–polymer composites for medical applications

Cited by 14 publications

References 72 publications

Stimuli‐Driven Insulator–Conductor Transition in a Flexible Polymer Composite Enabled by Biphasic Liquid Metal

Stimuli‐Driven Insulator–Conductor Transition in a Flexible Polymer Composite Enabled by Biphasic Liquid Metal

Tannin‐based bio‐adhesives for the wood panel industry as sustainable alternatives to petrochemical resins

Emerging synthesis and characterization techniques for hybrid polymer nanocomposites

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