These Are Your Rights

Abstract

In the latest years, the Web has seen an increasing interest in legal issues, concerning the use and re-use of online published material. In particular, several open issues affect the terms and conditions under which the data published on the Web is released to the users, and the users rights over such data. Though the number of licensed material on the Web is considerably increasing, the problem of generating machine readable licenses information is still unsolved. In this paper, we propose to adopt Natural Language Processing techniques to extract in an automated way the rights and conditions granted by a license, and we return the license in a machine readable format using RDF and adopting two well known vocabularies to model licenses. Experiments over a set of widely adopted licenses show the feasibility of the proposed approach.

Defining expressive access policies for linked data using the ODRL ontology 2.0

“…Cabrio et al [2] use ODRL to represent licenses in their recently proposed natural language approach for automatically generating RDF licenses. In addition to represent licenses as ODRL policies, we use ODRL to express more detailed access restrictions.…”

“…While previous work has already hinted on the possibility of using ODRL for expressing Linked Data licences [2] The remainder of the paper is structured as follows: in Section 2 we give an introduction into ODRL and investigate constructs which are particularly important for the domain of Linked Data, Section 3 underpins our choice of using ODRL to express access policies for Linked Data by providing a set of use cases and their ODRL representations. In Section 4 we discuss related work in the field of access policies and restrictions for Linked Data before we conclude (Section 5).…”

Data Integration for Open Data on the Web

“…RDF vocabulary) that has been demonstrated to be suitable for expressing fine-grained access restrictions, access policies, as well as licensing information for Linked Data as shown in [20,69]. An ODRL Policy is composed of a set of ODRL Rules and an ODRL Conflict Resolution Strategy, which is used by the enforcement mechanism to ensure that when conflicts among rules occur, a system either grants access, denies access or generates an error in a non-ambiguous manner.…”

A Bottom-Up Approach for Licences Classification and Selection

“…The enrichment of the possible terms to express policies will contribute to increase the precision and quality of the descriptions (see LiMO 9 , L4LOD 10 and ODRS 11 ). Applying natural language processing techniques, like the ones proposed in [3], can facilitate the process of data acquisition.…”

“…Recently, a part of the Semantic Web and Linked Data community has been focusing on providing support to the expression of policies on the semantic web. The Open Digital Rights Language (ODRL) provides an ontology for representing policies in the semantic web, and it is used and extended to formally express permissions, prohibitions and duties that licences include 3 . The RDF Licenses database 4 is a first notable attempt at developing a knowledge base of licences described following ODRL.…”