Thin Cirrus Clouds: Seasonal Distribution over Oceans Deduced from Nimbus-4 IRIS

Prabhakara, C.; Fraser, R. S.; Dalu, G.; Wu, Man‐Li C.; Curran, Robert J.; Styles, T.

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1988)027<0379:tccsdo>2.0.co;2

Cited by 144 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The SST algorithms magnify these errors, some more than others. For instance, high very thin cirrus clouds are pervasive and depress the individual channel measurements only slightly but can increase the channel 4 minus 5 temperature difference significantly [Prabhakara et al, 1988]. Also, solar heating of the ocean surface tends to increase the channel 4 minus 5 difference, especially in a moist atmosphere, since surface-emitted radiance in the channel 4 spectral range is absorbed less by the atmospheric water vapor than is radiance emitted in the channel 5 spectral range.…”

Section: Development Of Nonlinear Sst Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development and operational application of nonlinear algorithms for the measurement of sea surface temperatures with the NOAA polar‐orbiting environmental satellites

Walton¹,

Pichel²,

Sapper³

et al. 1998

J. Geophys. Res.

394

216

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Since 1990, the NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS) has provided satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) measurements based on nonlinear SST algorithms, using advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) multiple-infrared window channel data. This paper develops linear and nonlinear SST algorithms from the radiative transfer equation. It is shown that the nonlinear algorithms are more accurate than linear algorithms but that the functional dependence of the nonlinearity is data dependent. This theoretical discussion (sections 2-4) is followed with a discussion in section 5 of the accuracy over a 9-year period of the satellite-derived SST measurements provided by NOAA NESDIS when compared with coincident drifting buoys. Between 1989 and 1998 the global scatter of the daytime satellite SST against drifting buoy measurements has decreased from -0.8 ø to 0.5øC, while the nighttime scatter has remained fairly constant at 0.5øC. An exception to these accuracy measurements occurred after the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in June 1991.

show abstract

Section: Development Of Nonlinear Sst Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development and operational application of nonlinear algorithms for the measurement of sea surface temperatures with the NOAA polar‐orbiting environmental satellites

Walton¹,

Pichel²,

Sapper³

et al. 1998

J. Geophys. Res.

394

216

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This effect has been observed in thin cirrus clouds using Nimbus-4 data [19]. Therefore, the results of figure 8 which show an 11 micron UV/IR optical depth ratio which is larger than the 12 micron ratio can be an indication of small particle sizes in these cold clouds (-55C to -70C).…”

Section: Multiple Scattering Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Raman lidar measurements of water vapor and cirrus clouds during the passage of Hurricane Bonnie

Whiteman

Evans²,

Demoz³

et al. 2001

J. Geophys. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The NASA/GSFC Scanning Rarnan Lidar (SRL) was stationed on Andros Island in the Bahamas during August -September, 1998 as a part of the third Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX-3) which focussed on hurricane development and tracking. During the period August 21 -24, hurricane Bonnie passed near Andros Island and influenced the water vapor and cirrus cioud measurements acquired by the SRL. Two drying signatures related to the hurricane were recorded by the SRL and other sensors. Cirrus cloud optical depths (at 351 nm) were also measured during this period. Optical depth values ranged from approximately 0.01 to 1.4. The influence of multiple scattering on these optical depth measurements was studied with the conclusion that the measured values of optical depth are less than the actual value by up to 20%. The UV/IR cirrus cloud optical depth ratio was estimated based on a comparison of lidar and GOES measurements. Simple radiative transfer model calculations compared with GOES satellite brightness temperatures indicate that satellite radiances are significantly affected by the presence of cirrus clouds if IR optical depths are approximately 0.02 or greater. This has implications for satellite cirrus detection requirements.https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search

show abstract

“…When we split the spectrum in the 10um region into two parts, the large differences of brightness temperature (TBB) in the region of the shorter wavelength region, and the longer one are often observed (Prabhakara et al, 1988;Inoue, 1985). Recent observations reveal that there may be a large amount of small ice particles, on the order of 10ttm in cirrus clouds.…”

Section: Methods Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to investigate the effect of cirrus clouds on the radiation budget and climate feedback, one of the most important problems to be solved is the relation between the microphysical and radiative properties (Stephens et al, 1990). There is observed evidence that small ice particles of the order 10,am were sampled by in situ measurement (Platt et al, 1989), and large differences of brightness temperature (TBB) between split window channels in the 10um region were seen from satellite observations (Prabhakara et al, 1988;Inoue, 1985). Furthermore, theoretical calculation suggests the close relation between small ice particles and the large difference of TBB between split window channels (Prabhakara et al, 1988;Yamanouchi et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is observed evidence that small ice particles of the order 10,am were sampled by in situ measurement (Platt et al, 1989), and large differences of brightness temperature (TBB) between split window channels in the 10um region were seen from satellite observations (Prabhakara et al, 1988;Inoue, 1985). Furthermore, theoretical calculation suggests the close relation between small ice particles and the large difference of TBB between split window channels (Prabhakara et al, 1988;Yamanouchi et al, 1987). However, the simultaneous observation of cloud microphysical and radiative properties has seldom been made been until the later 1980s, since then several field expriments have been conducted in the United States as FIRE (First ISCCP Regional Experiment, Heymsfield and Ackerman (1990), in Europe as ICE (International Cirrus Experiment, Raschke et al, 1990), and in the former Soviet Union as SPCCR (Soviet Program on Cloud Climatology and Radiation, see Feygel'son, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ground-Based Cirrus Observation

Uchiyama¹,

Fukabori²

1999

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A ground-based observation system has been developed at the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) for simultaneous measurements of cloud structure and radiative properties of high-level ice clouds. In this observation system, the cloud microphysical quantities and spectral radiances in the region of the 10um window could be simultaneously observed by a Hydrometeor Video Sonde (HYVIS) and a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectro-radiometer. On the basis of the results measured by HYVIS, the size distribution of ice particles was approximated by the power law distribution, and the simulation calculations of observed radiances were made for the some combination of the lower limit of power law distribution (r1) and the optical thickness at 10.5um (Tlo.5). Using these data, the minimum error point is searched in the error map. By this method, we retrieve optical thickness and particle size information.The optically thin, medium and thick cases were analyzed in order to investigate the characteristic of our retrieval method. It is found that the optical thickness determined the magnitude of observed radiance, and size distributions determined the slope of the spectrum in the 860 to 980cm-1 region. The simulated and observed radiances agree within +2mW/(m2 sr cm-1), except the 9.6um ozone band and the root mean squares error 1.2mW/(m2 sr cm-1). The error analysis showed that though 5% systematic error is permitted to optical thickness retrieval in some cases, 1% systematic error causes large errors in the size information retrieval, and that a +500m height error corresponds to 1 to 3% radiance error. Furthermore, the values estimated from the radiance in the region of wavenumber 860 to 980cm-1 were almost the same as those from radiance in the whole region, and the optical thickness may be determined from data in the region 1080 to 1200cm-1 without being affected by the size distribution. We also retrieved 1O.5 and effective radius (reff) using the log-normal size distribution within the same degree of error as obtained by the power law model. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between the parameters retrieved. The ratio of the visible optical thickness at 0.5,um (T0.5) to the infrared one at 10.5um (T1o.5) on June 22 is 0.4 to 1.0, and that on June 30 is 1.0 to 1.8. There is a tendency that the ratio of T1o.5 to T0.5 becomes large as the effective radius increases. We also investigated the relation between n o.5 and the effective radius (reff) of log-normal size distribution. The relation between them changes case by case. There is a negative correlation between them in the case of June 22. In the case of June 30, the effective radius is scattered between 20 and 85um.Concurrent NOAA-11 satellite data over the Tsukuba area were also analyzed. The results show that observation from the satellite is consistent with the ground based observation, and that the large difference of the brightness temperature observed by the different window channels is closely related to the existence of small ice part...

show abstract

Thin Cirrus Clouds: Seasonal Distribution over Oceans Deduced from Nimbus-4 IRIS

Cited by 144 publications

References 17 publications

The development and operational application of nonlinear algorithms for the measurement of sea surface temperatures with the NOAA polar‐orbiting environmental satellites

The development and operational application of nonlinear algorithms for the measurement of sea surface temperatures with the NOAA polar‐orbiting environmental satellites

Raman lidar measurements of water vapor and cirrus clouds during the passage of Hurricane Bonnie

Ground-Based Cirrus Observation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About