Thinking Like a Whole Building: A Whole Foods Market New Construction Case Study

Deru, M.; Bonnema, Eric; Doebber, Ian; Hirsch, A.; McIntyre, M.; Scheib, Jennifer

doi:10.2172/1011265

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…We test the sensitivity of (1) and (2) because population change is an imperfect proxy for construction and because allocating commercial construction data to a set of prototypes involves judgment and is likely to be imperfect . We test (3) because building energy simulations often overestimate actual energy savings. , Finally, we test parameter (4) because existing emissions regulations are projected to change grid emission rates substantially in the future.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Benefits of Commercial Building Energy Codes and Improving Federal Incentives for Code Adoption

Gilbraith

Azevedo

Jaramillo

2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The federal government has the goal of decreasing commercial building energy consumption and pollutant emissions by incentivizing the adoption of commercial building energy codes. Quantitative estimates of code benefits at the state level that can inform the size and allocation of these incentives are not available. We estimate the state-level climate, environmental, and health benefits (i.e., social benefits) and reductions in energy bills (private benefits) of a more stringent code (ASHRAE 90.1-2010) relative to a baseline code (ASHRAE 90.1-2007). We find that reductions in site energy use intensity range from 93 MJ/m(2) of new construction per year (California) to 270 MJ/m(2) of new construction per year (North Dakota). Total annual benefits from more stringent codes total $506 million for all states, where $372 million are from reductions in energy bills, and $134 million are from social benefits. These total benefits range from $0.6 million in Wyoming to $49 million in Texas. Private benefits range from $0.38 per square meter in Washington State to $1.06 per square meter in New Hampshire. Social benefits range from $0.2 per square meter annually in California to $2.5 per square meter in Ohio. Reductions in human/environmental damages and future climate damages account for nearly equal shares of social benefits.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Benefits of Commercial Building Energy Codes and Improving Federal Incentives for Code Adoption

Gilbraith

Azevedo

Jaramillo

2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Although they could not replace all of the fan motors because some specialized manufacturers did not offer fans with ECMs, the total case fan power draw was still reduced by 36%, from 15 .0 kW to 9 .6 kW (Deru et al . 2011a) .…”

Section: F21 Install High-efficiency Ecm Evaporator Fan Motorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Energy Retrofit Guide: Practical Ways to Improve Energy Performance; Grocery Stores (Revised) (Book)

Hendron¹

2013

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Low-Flow Liquid Desiccant Air Conditioning: General Guidance and Site Considerations

Kozubal¹,

Herrmann²,

Deru³

et al. 2014

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AHU air handling unit ASH anti-sweat heater CDD cooling degree day cfm cubic feet per minute COP coefficient of performance DB dry-bulb (temperature) DD design day DOAS dedicated outdoor air system DOE U.S. Department of Energy DP dew-point (temperature) DX direct expansion EER energy efficiency ratio gpm gallons per minute HR humidity ratio HVAC heating, ventilation, and air conditioning LDAC liquid desiccant air conditioning LDDX liquid desiccant direct expansion LiCl lithium chloride MCDB mean coincident dry bulb (temperature) NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory psi pounds per square inch RH relative humidity RSHI regeneration specific heat input RTU rooftop unit scfm standard cubic feet per minute WB wet-bulb (temperature) vi This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. Nomenclature product or process airstream Air that leaves the conditioner and will eventually be introduced into the building as supply air. The product air may go through other equipment or processes before it is introduced into the conditioned space. regeneration specific heat input The amount of thermal energy consumed by a desiccant regenerator to remove one pound of moisture from the air, in kBtu/lb (ASHRAE 2007a). The typical range of RSHI values for single stage liquid desiccant regenerators are between 1.25 and 2.1 kBtu/lb. Two stage regenerators can achieve RSHI values as low as 0.9 kBtu/lb. The RSHI does not include the energy from the regenerator's pump(s) and fan.

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Thinking Like a Whole Building: A Whole Foods Market New Construction Case Study

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Evaluating the Benefits of Commercial Building Energy Codes and Improving Federal Incentives for Code Adoption

Evaluating the Benefits of Commercial Building Energy Codes and Improving Federal Incentives for Code Adoption

Advanced Energy Retrofit Guide: Practical Ways to Improve Energy Performance; Grocery Stores (Revised) (Book)

Low-Flow Liquid Desiccant Air Conditioning: General Guidance and Site Considerations

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