Thiol-Functionalized Cellulose-Grafted Copper Oxide Nanoparticles for the Therapy of Experimental Colitis in Swiss Albino Mice

Abstract

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease, which deleteriously affects the lower end of the gastrointestinal tract, i.e., the colon and the rectum. UC affects colonic inflammatory homeostasis and disrupts intestinal barrier functions. Intestinal tissue damage activates the immune system and collectively worsens the disease condition via the production of various cytokines. Ongoing therapeutics of UC have marked limitations like rapid clearance, extensive first-pass metabolism, poor drug absorption, very low solubility, bioavailability, etc. Because of these restrictions, the management of UC demands a rational approach that selectively delivers the drug at the site of action to overcome the therapeutic limiting factors. Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have good therapeutic efficacy against colitis, but their uses are limited due to adverse effects on the biological system. In this study, we have used biocompatible thiol-functionalized cellulose-grafted copper oxide nanoparticles (C-CuI/IIO NPs) to treat UC. The metal NPs alleviated the colitis condition as evidenced by the colon length and observed physical parameters. Analysis of histopathology demonstrated the recovery of the colon architecture damaged by dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Treatment with C-CuI/IIO NPs reduced the disintegration of goblet cells and the retainment of sulfomucin. Significant downregulation of inflammatory markers like MPO activity, as well as levels of nitrite and TNF-α, was found following C-CuI/IIO NP treatment. The observations from the study suggested that intrarectal treatment of colitis with cellulose-based C-CuI/IIO NPs successfully combated the intestinal inflammatory condition.

In Situ Activatable Nitrobenzene–Cysteine–Copper(II) Nano-complexes for Programmed Photodynamic Cancer Therapy

“…This could be attributed to the over-enhanced ROS levels. It has been reported that ROS generation by PDT could stimulate the immune system. − In comparison to the PBS-treated group, the CyP -treated group exhibited increased levels of Endostatin/collagen XVIII, MMP-3, Coagulation Factor III, IL-1a, PEDF, IL-1b, and CD26 proteins, indicating a potential promotion of angiogenesis. However, upon irradiation with light, the protein levels of these angiogenic factors decreased.…”

“…Numerous studies have reported the capacity of coordinated copper­(II) to react with the thiol groups. , Researchers have explored these characteristics in fundamental investigations, such as the advancement of chemical sensors. , In particular, a previous paper related to CCN reported that CCN could react with GSH in biological systems . In light of this, we assumed that copper­(II) in the NCCNs might undergo an oxidation process to transform to copper­(I) within the biological system due to its interaction with the thiol groups, thereby causing the structural disorganization of NCCNs and the release of NC (X = O or Se) at the same time (Figure a).…”

“…Numerous studies have reported the capacity of coordinated copper(II) to react with the thiol groups. 50,51 Researchers have explored these characteristics in fundamental investigations, such as the advancement of chemical sensors. 52,53 In particular, a previous paper related to CCN reported that CCN could react with GSH in biological systems.…”

Copper-containing nanoparticles: Mechanism of antimicrobial effect and application in dentistry-a narrative review

“…Chitosan not only has a good inhibitory effect on Gramnegative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and fungi (43), but also interferes with oral microbial adhesion, inhibit biofilm formation and maturation, and promote wound and oral ulcer healing (43-46). Mishra et al (47) synthesized biocompatible thiol-functionalized cellulose-grafted copper oxide nanoparticles, which alleviated colitis conditions and recovered damaged colon structure. Cellulose enhances the biocompatibility of copper oxide NPs and avoids the adverse effects of CuO NPs on the biological systems.…”

Caffeic Acid-Conjugated Budesonide-Loaded Nanomicelle Attenuates Inflammation in Experimental Colitis

“…The therapeutic potential of BUD-loaded micelles was assessed against the DSS-induced colitis mouse model, and the colitis model was established using our previously reported protocol. 42 Six groups of mice were taken, and in each group, 6 mice were kept.…”