Third International Workshop on Equine Osteochondrosis, Stockholm, 29‐30th May 2008

Ekman, Stina; Carlson, Cathy S.; Weeren, P. R. van

doi:10.2746/042516409x431902

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The clinical relevance may be debated for the individual horse, since fragments contribute to the development of osteoarthritis independent of their aetiology. However, the outcome may be indicative for horse breeders, since osteochondrosis is still debated as hereditary developmental disease (Ekman et al 2009, van Weeren 2006b, whereas traumatic origin is more related to activity and temperament of horses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high incidence of osteochondrosis in the horse (up to 25 %) (Jeffcott 1993, van Weeren 2006b, resulting impact on economy and welfare (Jeffcott 1991, Jeffcott andHenson 1998) and the not totally understood aetiology (Ekman et al 2009) resulting in limited therapeutic and preventive strategies give reason for ongoing research in this field. Generally accepted is the gross pathogenic mechanism of osteochondrosis, representing a disturbance of the process of enchondral ossification at the articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex and the growth plate in young and growing animals (Ekman et al 2009, van Weeren 2006b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally accepted is the gross pathogenic mechanism of osteochondrosis, representing a disturbance of the process of enchondral ossification at the articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex and the growth plate in young and growing animals (Ekman et al 2009, van Weeren 2006b. The initial stage of the disease (osteochondrosis latens) is characterized histologically through focal chondronecrosis of the resting zone with adjacent vascular necrosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial stage of the disease (osteochondrosis latens) is characterized histologically through focal chondronecrosis of the resting zone with adjacent vascular necrosis. The later stages of the disease, osteochondrosis manifesta, characterized through focally impaired enchondral ossification and cartilage retention and osteochondrosis dissecans with cleft formation through the necrotic cartilage are clinically detectable through radiological examination (Ekman et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histologische Evaluierung von intraartikulären osteochondralen Fragmenten

Theiss¹,

Hilbe²,

Fürst³

et al. 2010

PHK

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SummaryScientific studies, investigating the aetiology of osteochondrosis focus mainly on the articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex and the growth plate. In osteochondrosis dissecans cleft formation through the necrotic cartilage leads to the formation of intraarticular osteochondral fragments. In contrast to osteochondral fragments located at typical predilection sites, a causative allocation of fragments located at different sites may be more challenging. Only limited numbers of studies have focused on the histological appearance of osteochondral fragments. They are mainly limited to the identification of types of tissue present, but do not further investigate possible specific characteristics and differences of involved components.The aim of the present study was to histologically evaluate osteochondral fragments more in detail to identify possible characteristics which may allow a causative and topographical allocation. A total of 76 osteochondral fragments were examined by two blinded observers. Signs of bone remodeling, enchondral ossification and proteoglycan staining properties were graded semi-quantitatively. The appearance of fibrous tissue or enchondral ossification at the separation border as well as the presence of ligamentous attachments were graded qualitatively. The articular cartilage present was evaluated applying the Mankin score. Significant differences in enchondral ossification (within the fragment and at the separation border), proteoglycan staining properties, the appearance of fibrous tissue at the separation border as well as differences in bone remodeling and in the Mankin scores were detected in osteochondral fragments from different locations. It was concluded that histological evaluation of osteochondral fragments may help in their aetiological allocation and may contribute to future understanding of the disease.Keywords: osteochondrosis, osteochondral fragment, bone remodelling, enchondral ossification, histology Histologische Evaluierung von intraartikulären osteochondralen FragmentenCharakteristisches Merkmal der Osteochondrose ist eine Störung der enchondralen Ossifikation im artikulär-epiphysären Gelenkknorpel und der Wachstumsfuge. Die Osteochondrosis dissecans ist durch die Entstehung von osteochondralen Fragmenten charakterisiert. Die ätiologische Zuordnung dieser Fragmente ist an den Prädilektionsstellen der Osteochondrose in vielen Fällen zweifelsfrei möglich. Problematisch wird die kausale Zuordnung an, von der Literatur uneinheitlich beurteilten und an für die Osteochondrose untypischen Lokalisationen. Während sich die meisten wissenschaftlichen Studien auf den artikulären-epiphysären Knorpel und die Wachstumszone konzentrieren, existieren nur wenige histologische Untersuchungen der Fragmente. Diese konzentrieren sich überwiegend auf die Klassifizierung der vorhandenen Gewebetypen und nicht auf die innerhalb der einzelnen Gewebearten, möglicherweise für die zugrundeliegende Ätiologie charakteristischen Vorgänge. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war, anhand einer detailliert...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Histologische Evaluierung von intraartikulären osteochondralen Fragmenten

Theiss¹,

Hilbe²,

Fürst³

et al. 2010

PHK

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“…O desfecho deste processo está na dependência da anatomia articular, da carga biomecânica que a articulação suporta, de seu espectro de movimentação e da distribuição da pressão local sobre as superfícies articulares . A despeito de sua forma particular de evolução, as lesões causam efeitos negativos 57 sobre a performance e a longevidade do animal, quando observados a longo prazo (DISTL, 2013).As lesões que causam fragmentação osteocondral podem ser caracterizadas como latens, manifesta ou dissecans, dependendo do grau de dano e da eficácia do processo de reparação que desencadeiam (EKMAN; CARLSON; VAN WEEREN, 2009). Na forma dissecante (OCD) há um fragmento destacado, caracteristicamente.…”

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Investigação laboratorial dos efeitos antioxidantes do plasma processado autólogo nas principais enfermidades articulares de equinos após tratamento artroscópico

Brossi¹

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Palavras-chave:Equino. Líquido sinovial. Hemoderivado. Estresse oxidativo. Plasma processado autólogo. As a cursorial animal, the horse relies on soundness to fully accomplish daily life activities and survival. Horses' natural ability for movement justifies breeding and training investments, and is explored to its maximum during athletic activities. Articular disorders, such as osteoarthritis and osteochondrosis, with their potential to reduce physical performance, are a therapeutic challenge. Autologous haemoderivates have appeared as safe and accessible options for the management of these conditions, but their widespread use has outpaced scientific evidence regarding mechanisms of action and ideal methods for preparation and administration. The antioxidant properties of autologous processed plasma, previously demonstrated in vitro on stimulated equine synovial fluid cells, posed a question on whether these effects would occur in vivo. Therefore, the present study aimed to verify autologous processed plasma´s effects in osteoarthritic and osteochondritic joints, when administered at the end of the arthroscopic procedure, with particular emphasis on possible antioxidant attributes. The study also aimed to detect evidences of oxidative stress in these disorders, what could further justify its use. For this purpose, synovial fluid was obtained immediately before the beginning of the surgery, and analyzed to yield an oxidant/ antioxidant, physical, cellular, molecular and inflammatory profile of osteoarthritis and osteochondrosis. After the end of the procedure, one group of horses received the intraarticular medication and another group of untreated horses served as controls. Forty-eight hours after surgery synovial fluid was retrieved from operated joints, and a second analysis was performed. Physical and cellular analyses were conducted immediately after sample collection and the supernatant was stored at -80º C for further evaluations. These consisted in catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, vitamin E, protein carbonyl groups, chondroitin sulphate, hyaluronic acid, prostaglandin E 2 , total protein and urea determinations.Osteoarthritic joints revealed greater activation of antioxidant defense systems, enzymatic and non-enzymatic, with greater activity of catalase, and greater concentrations of vitamin E, respectively, when compared to osteochondritic joints. Additionally, these joints had higher total nucleated cell counts and prostaglandin E 2 and total protein concentrations, revealing a more inflammatory profile when compared to that of osteochondritic joints. Nonetheless, in osteochondritic joints synovial fluid and matrix components degradation was more pronounced, as there were higher concentrations of chondroitin sulphate and hyaluronic acid in synovial fluid obtained from these joints. Results also showed the occurrence of oxidative stress, 48 hours after the arthroscopic procedure, through higher catalase activity in synovial fluid, reflecting activation ...

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Differences in the vascular tree of the femoral trochlear growth cartilage at osteochondrosis‐susceptible sites in foals revealed by SWI 3T MRI

Martel

Kiss

Gilbert

et al. 2016

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Focal ischemic chondronecrosis of epiphyseal growth cartilage (EGC) during endochondral ossification is believed to be a key early event on the pathway to osteochondrosis (OC) in both animals and humans. The lateral ridge of the equine trochlea is a site where severe osteochondritis dissecans lesions frequently arise and is a model for the study of naturally occurring disease. Noninvasive imaging to investigate EGC vascularity may help elucidate why focal ischemia occurs. 3T MRI susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) of femoral trochlea of OC predisposed (n ¼ 10) and control (n ¼ 6) day-old foals, with minimal joint loading after birth, was performed. SWI and 3D images revealed the EGC vascular architecture without a contrast agent, and matched histologic observations. No vascular lesions were identified. There was no difference in the vascular density and architecture between control and OC specimens, but a striking difference in vascular pattern was seen at the OC-predilected site in the lateral ridge of the trochlea in all specimens, when compared to the medial ridge of the trochlea, where OC lesions are rarely observed. This site was less ossified with more perichondrial vessels not yet bridging with the subchondral bone. Furthermore, the mean vascular density of all specimens was significantly higher at this site. We speculate that joint morphology and focal internal trauma on this site with a unique vascular architecture may trigger ischemic events at this site. SWI permitted visualization of EGC in young foals with a clinical 3T MRI and paves the way for non-destructive longitudinal studies to improve understanding of OC in all species. ß

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Third International Workshop on Equine Osteochondrosis, Stockholm, 29‐30th May 2008

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

Histologische Evaluierung von intraartikulären osteochondralen Fragmenten

Histologische Evaluierung von intraartikulären osteochondralen Fragmenten

Investigação laboratorial dos efeitos antioxidantes do plasma processado autólogo nas principais enfermidades articulares de equinos após tratamento artroscópico

Differences in the vascular tree of the femoral trochlear growth cartilage at osteochondrosis‐susceptible sites in foals revealed by SWI 3T MRI

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