Third Molar Surgery: Risk Factors and Complications after Removal of Third Molars

Abstract

Objective: There is a need for this research because it aims to identify characteristics that increase the likelihood of negative outcomes following the removal of third molars. Study Design: Observational/transversal study Place and Duration: Dental College HITEC-IMS Taxilla/ Gulraiz Dental Clinic Quaid Avenue Main Road, Gulraiz 3, Rawalpindi. Nov 2020-June 2021 Methods: A total of 180 male and female participants were included in this study. The patients ranged in age from 20 to 50. Pericoronitis and tooth impaction were among the complaints of the patients included in the study. The oral and maxillofacial department operated on all of the patients who requested the removal of their third molars. All patients provided written consent before having their personal data collected, including their age, gender, BMI, kind of impaction, and location of their third molar. Various operative variables were employed. In our research, we looked at post-operative complications and risk variables. The whole data was analyzed with SPSS 23.0. Results: 110 (61.1%) patients were males and 70 (38.9%) cases were females. 28.17±9.47 years were the mean age with mean BMI 24.11±3.65 kg/m2. Most of the teeth impacted in left side found in 102 (56.7%) patients. Most common type of impaction was mesioangular among 90 (50%) cases followed by distoangular 45 (23.7%) cases. Majority of the third molars were fully impacted 120 (66.7%), 38 (21.1%) were partially impacted and frequency of erupted tooth was 22 (12.2%). All the third molars were removed by buccal guttering technique under local anesthesia. Post-operative infection was the most common complication found in 80 (44.4%) cases followed by gingival defect in 27 (15%) radicular fractures in 24 (13.3%) cases. Location of the third molar and bone removal was the most common factor found. Conclusion: There was an increased risk of problems with tooth sectioning, bone removal, and/or tooth localization in patients above the age of 22. Both the evaluation of the indications for the removal of third molars and the process of informed consent should reflect this information. Keywords: Third Molars, Surgery, Anesthesia, Complications, Impactions