“…Central preconditions for quality seem to be 1) a robust coherence among the different components of the education -the teaching subjects, subject didactics, pedagogy, practice placement and activities in the teaching subject and practice placement -and 2) mandatory collaboration between the university teachers and practice teachers about content and work methods. The collaboration between the educators in the two arenas seems to be imperative for facilitating systematic learning through practice situations and supervision and implies a coequal position of theory and practice (Zeichner, 2010;Laughlin, 2021;BERA, 2014;Cuenca et al, 2011;Jenset et al, 2018;Jónsdóttir, 2015;Klein et al, 2013;NCATE, 2010;Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research, 2018;Williams, 2014;Holmbukt & Son, 2020). The mutual relationship between theory and practice, as in a third space (Daza et al, 2021), and the joint responsibility for the student teachers' education, mandated by the national guidelines, may imply that theory and practice should not be seen as competing discourses -'an either/or perspective' -but more as a 'both/also point of view' (Zeichner, 2010, p. 92).…”