Thirdhand smoke associations with the gut microbiomes of infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit: An observational study

Northrup, Thomas F.; Stotts, Angela L.; Suchting, Robert; Matt, G.; Quintana, Penelope J.E.; Khan, Amir; Green, Charles; Klawans, Michelle R.; Johnson, Marcus W.; Benowitz, Neal L.; Jacob, Peyton; Hoh, Eunha; Hovell, Melbourne F.; Stewart, Christopher J.

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.111180

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…26 Our own research has documented THS contamination in NICU settings, as THS residue is transported and deposited on NICU surfaces by visitors and staff, 3 17 and we documented infant exposure (as measured by urine cotinine) while infants are hospitalized. 5 17 We also found associations of THS exposure in the NICU with infants' gut microbiome composition, 27 in line with studies reporting associations of THS with clinical outcomes in older children. 28 29 However, little research has been done on how to protect hospitalized pediatric patients while being held and touched by parents and other visitors from THS coming from contaminated individuals.…”

supporting

confidence: 89%

Handwashing Results in Incomplete Nicotine Removal from Fingers of Individuals who Smoke: A Randomized Controlled Experiment

et al. 2021

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Objective: Tobacco residue, also known as third-hand smoke (THS), contains toxicants and lingers in dust and on surfaces and clothes. THS also remains on hands of individuals who smoke, with potential transfer to infants during visitation while infants are hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), raising concerns (e.g., hindered respiratory development) for vulnerable infants. Previously unexplored, this study tested handwashing (HW) and sanitization efficacy for finger-nicotine removal in a sample of adults who smoked and were visiting infants in an NICU. Study Design: A cross-sectional sample was recruited to complete an interview, carbon monoxide breath samples, and three nicotine wipes of separate fingers (thumb, index, and middle). Eligible participants (n = 14) reported current smoking (verified with breath samples) and were randomly assigned to 30 seconds of HW (n = 7) or alcohol-based sanitization (n = 7), with the order of finger wipes both counterbalanced and randomly assigned. After randomization, the first finger was wiped for nicotine. Participants then washed or sanitized their hands and finger two was wiped 5 minutes later. An interview assessing tobacco/nicotine use and exposure was then administered, followed by a second breath sample and the final finger wipe (40–60 minutes after washing/sanitizing). Results: Generalized linear mixed models found that HW was more effective than sanitizer for nicotine removal but failed to completely remove nicotine. Conclusions: Without proper protections (e.g., wearing gloves and gowns), NICU visitors who smoke may inadvertently expose infants to THS. Research on cleaning protocols are needed to protect vulnerable medical populations from THS and associated risks. Key Points

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supporting

confidence: 89%

Handwashing Results in Incomplete Nicotine Removal from Fingers of Individuals who Smoke: A Randomized Controlled Experiment

et al. 2021

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“…, TSNAs). 1,4,14,80–85 The results of this study expand the scope of identified THS components whose direct effects and secondary transformation products will help to elucidate observed THS health effects and evaluate chemically-speciated contributions to health effects estimates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The multi-faceted health effects of THS have been explored and reported across a number of publications for both exposure to real THS (e.g., animal trials with THS exposure, human cohort studies) and by estimating effects from exposure to a subset of previously-known THS components (e.g., acrolein) and select transformation products (e.g., TSNAs). 1,4,14,[80][81][82][83][84][85] The results of this study expand the scope of identied THS components whose direct effects and secondary transformation products will help to elucidate observed THS health effects and evaluate chemicallyspeciated contributions to health effects estimates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Emerging investigator series: deposited particles and human lung lining fluid are dynamic, chemically-complex reservoirs leading to thirdhand smoke emissions and exposure

Sheu

Hass-Mitchell

Ringsdorf

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci.: Atmos.

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“…Tobacco-associated microbes introduced into the human oral cavity may change microbiomes as occurs with the use of smokeless tobacco [178], tobacco smoking [179,180], and vaping [181]. Recent studies also point to differences in the gut microbiomes in adult smokers compared to non-smokers, as well as infants and children exposed to THS [182,183].…”

Section: Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Environmental Pollution from the Use and Disposal of Cigarettes and Electronic Cigarettes: Contaminants, Sources, and Impacts

et al. 2021

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While the impacts of cigarette smoking on human health are widely known, a less recognized impact of tobacco product use and disposal is environmental pollution. This review discusses the current literature related to cigarette and e-cigarette contamination in the context of environmental sources and impacts, with a focus on the documented influences on biota, ranging from bacteria to mammals. Cigarette butts and electronic cigarette components can leach contaminants into soil, water, and air. Cellulose acetate cigarette filters comprising the butts are minimally degradable and are a source of bulk plastic and microplastic pollution, especially in aquatic ecosystems where they tend to accumulate. Cigarette combustion and aerosol production during e-cigarette use result in air contamination from sidestream, exhaled, and thirdhand pathways. The chemical byproducts of tobacco product use contaminate wastewater effluents, landfill leachates, and urban storm drains. The widespread detection of nicotine and cotinine in the environment illustrates the potential for large-scale environmental impacts of tobacco product waste. Studies show that cigarette butt leachate and nicotine are toxic to microbes, plants, benthic organisms, bivalves, zooplankton, fish, and mammals; however, there remain critical knowledge gaps related to the environmental impacts of tobacco product waste on environmental health and ecosystem functioning.

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Thirdhand smoke associations with the gut microbiomes of infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit: An observational study

Cited by 18 publications

References 96 publications

Handwashing Results in Incomplete Nicotine Removal from Fingers of Individuals who Smoke: A Randomized Controlled Experiment

Handwashing Results in Incomplete Nicotine Removal from Fingers of Individuals who Smoke: A Randomized Controlled Experiment

Emerging investigator series: deposited particles and human lung lining fluid are dynamic, chemically-complex reservoirs leading to thirdhand smoke emissions and exposure

A Review of Environmental Pollution from the Use and Disposal of Cigarettes and Electronic Cigarettes: Contaminants, Sources, and Impacts

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