Thoracic Vertebral Length-to-Height Ratio, a Promising Parameter to Predict the Vertebral Heart Score in Normal Welsh Corgi Pembroke Dogs

Tangpakornsak, Theethad; Saisawart, Phasamon; Sutthigran, Somchin; Jaturunratsamee, Kotchapol; Tachampa, Kittipong; Thanaboonnipat, Chutimon; Choisunirachon, Nan

doi:10.3390/vetsci10020168

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 30 publications

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“…Considering the effect of sex on vertebral parameters, our results showed that sex did not affect the vertebral length, height, and length/height ratio of T4, L2, L5, and L7. Our results are consistent with previous results reported in dogs showing that there is no significant difference in the T4 length and height between the sexes [23]. However, these results are in contrast to those found in humans [24], namely that males have an increased vertebral height compared to women [24].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Differences in Radiographic Vertebral Size in Dogs with Different Chest and Skull Types

Phansangiemjit,

Kasemjiwat,

Patchanee

et al. 2024

Animals

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The objective of this study was to elucidate the differences in vertebral length, vertebral height, and vertebral length/height ratio of the fourth thoracic vertebra (T4), the second lumbar vertebra (L2), the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) and the seventh lumbar vertebra (L7) based on radiographs in dogs with various body sizes, skull types, and thoracic conformations and to determine the relationships of these parameters with age and sex. A total of 258 dogs were included in this study and classified by three criteria—BW (Criterion 1), skull type (Criterion 2), and thoracic conformation (Criterion 3). Age had weak negative correlations with vertebral length and height. Sex did not affect the vertebral size parameters. BW had strong positive correlations with vertebral length and height, but there was no influence of BW on vertebral length/height ratio. Regarding the different body sizes and conformations, large breeds had vertebrae with significantly greater length and height than small and medium breeds (p < 0.001). In Criterion 2, the vertebrae of the mesocephalic dogs had significantly greater length and height than those of the brachycephalic and dolichocephalic dogs (p < 0.05). In Criterion 3, both deep-chest and round-chest dogs had vertebrae with significantly greater length and height than the barrel-chest dogs (p < 0.0001). Only vertebral length/height ratios of T4 were not influenced by age, sex, BW, skull type, and thoracic conformation. Age, differences in body size, skull type, and thoracic conformation could affect the vertebral size in dogs. Therefore, using breed-specific vertebral lengths and/or heights is a better approach for comparative radiographic analysis with vertebral measurements.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Differences in Radiographic Vertebral Size in Dogs with Different Chest and Skull Types

Phansangiemjit,

Kasemjiwat,

Patchanee

et al. 2024

Animals

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Effects of dog cardiac orientation on vertebral heart score measurements in different thoracic types

Soeratanapant,

Sutthigran,

Saisawart

et al. 2024

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Computed tomographic (CT) images can elucidate the variations of cardiac orientation that this information among dog breeds has never been reported. This study aimed to explore the heart orientations of dogs with different thoracic types and study their effects on vertebral heart score (VHS) measurements using CT images. Materials and Methods: Thoracic CT images of 115 mature dogs without thoracic abnormalities were retrospectively examined. The dogs were classified into four groups: Normal Broad, Abnormal Broad, Normal, and Deep. All dogs were also classified based on their heart deviations. The VHSs were evaluated using lateral VHS, dorsal VHS, and adjusted VHS, and all were compared. Results: In the normal broad and abnormal broad groups, the lateral VHS and lateral long-axis dimensions were significantly lower than those obtained from the dorsal and adjusted VHSs. In addition, heart deviations were mostly observed in the normal broad and abnormal broad groups. Nevertheless, little evidence was found in the normal and deep groups. The lateral VHS and lateral long-axis dimensions were significantly reduced by heart deviation more than the dorsal and adjusted VHSs. Conclusion: Cardiac orientations among dog breeds can affect VHSs of lateral projection, especially in the broad thoracic group. Clinical evaluation of the VHS in the broad thoracic dogs should be performed on the dorsal view for more accurate measurement of heart size. Keywords: cardiac dimension, computed tomography, dog, heart orientation, thoracic cage.

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Radiographic Measurement of Cardiac Size by Using Multiple Scaling Systems in Healthy Captive Aye-Ayes (Daubentonia Madagascariensis)

Day,

Colon

2024

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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Thoracic Vertebral Length-to-Height Ratio, a Promising Parameter to Predict the Vertebral Heart Score in Normal Welsh Corgi Pembroke Dogs

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

The Differences in Radiographic Vertebral Size in Dogs with Different Chest and Skull Types

The Differences in Radiographic Vertebral Size in Dogs with Different Chest and Skull Types

Effects of dog cardiac orientation on vertebral heart score measurements in different thoracic types

Radiographic Measurement of Cardiac Size by Using Multiple Scaling Systems in Healthy Captive Aye-Ayes (Daubentonia Madagascariensis)

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