Thoracoscopic Contraindications, Complications, and Conversion

A randomized, prospective, comparative trial of a variable‐angle versus fixed‐angle endoscope for exploratory thoracoscopy in canine cadavers

“…30,33 Another risk inherent to flexible endoscopy of the thorax is the potential for iatrogenic damage to the tissues as the flexible tip of the endoscope is maneuvered. 34 The design of the VAE used in this study may allow the surgeon to more safely adjust the angle of the endoscope because the angled lens is confined within the tip of the endoscope.…”