Three components of the classically conditioned GSR in human subjects.

Prokasy, William F.; Ebel, Harvey C.

doi:10.1037/h0024108

Cited by 152 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The failure to obtain SIR conditioning is puzzling in view of the ease with which it has been obtained in past studies in our laboratory (e.g., Kumpfer, 1972;Prokasy & Ebel, 1967;Williams, 1973). One clear possibility is that trace procedures reduce the likelihood of SIR conditioning, although one study (Grings & Schell, 1971) has reported SIR conditioning with a trace interval of 5.5 sec.…”

Section: Discussion Ucr Performancementioning

confidence: 91%

“…To the first question the answer is equivocal. There is evidence both of increases (e.g., Grice, 1972;Prokasy & Ebel, 1967;Prokasy & Kumpfer, 1973, p. 188;Razran, 1957) and of decreases (Kimmel, 1959;Kimmel, Hill & Morrow, 1962) in performance with increases in CS intensity. While Orlebeke and Van Olst (1968) suggest that the decreases obtained by Kimmel (1959) might have arisen because of the scoring method, it is not clear that the controls they employed are sufficient to determine that.…”

Section: University Of Utah Salt Lake City Utah 84112mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While Orlebeke and Van Olst (1968) suggest that the decreases obtained by Kimmel (1959) might have arisen because of the scoring method, it is not clear that the controls they employed are sufficient to determine that. The difficulty is that the Kimmel (1959) and Prokasy and Ebel (1967) papers employed CS intensities in roughly comparable ranges, with the former employing a relative, and the latter an absolute, measure of conditioning.…”

Section: University Of Utah Salt Lake City Utah 84112mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Skin conductance response conditioning with CS intensities equal to and greater than UCS intensity

1975

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With .2-sec bursts of white noise as both conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (DCS), conditioning of first-interval skin conductance responses was obtained when the intensity of the CS equaled and exceeded that of the DCS. There was no evidence that second-interval response conditioning occurred. Nonspecific response frequencies were also affected by the variations in stimulus intensity, this raising some question about typical controls employed in SCR conditioning. There was some evidence that second interval responses were suppressed by the intense CS values. It was concluded that the existence of simple conditioning with a CS/DCS intensity ratio equal to or greater than unity was contrary to the Pavlovian proposition that a CS must be biologically less salient than the DCS in order for conditioning to occur. It was noted, however, that the suppression of second-interval responses might indicate that anticipatory CRs which are not confounded with orienting reflexes are prevented from exhibiting a conditioning effect when a high CS/DCS intensity ratio is employed.

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Section: Discussion Ucr Performancementioning

confidence: 91%

Section: University Of Utah Salt Lake City Utah 84112mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: University Of Utah Salt Lake City Utah 84112mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Skin conductance response conditioning with CS intensities equal to and greater than UCS intensity

1975

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“…This problem, which was first raised most trenchantly by Steward, Stern, Winokur, and Fredman (1961), and echoed later by influential researchers (e.g., Badia & Defran, 1970;Prokasy & Ebel, 1967), was the grave methodological confound that what was considered to be an autonomic CR was, in fact, merely a recovered or "reinstated" OR to change. This methodological criticism had special impact on the GSR "fear" conditioning preparation for at least two reasons.…”

Section: The Orienting Reaction (Or) or Allocation-ofattention Preparmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pavlov's Methodological Behaviorism as a Pre-Socratic Contribution of the Melding of the Differential and Experimental Psychology

Furedy

2003

Span. J. Psychol.

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The differential/experimental distinction that Cronbach specified is important because any adequate account of psychological phenomena requires the recognition of the validity of both approaches, and a meaningful melding of the two. This paper suggests that Pavlov's work in psychology, based on earlier traditions of inquiry that can be traced back to the pre-Socratics, provides a potential way of achieving this melding, although such features as systematic rather than anecdotal methods of observation need to be added. Pavlov's methodological behaviorist approach is contrasted with metaphysical behaviorism (as exemplified explicitly in Watson and Skinner, and implicitly in the computer-metaphorical, informationprocessing explanations employed by current "cognitive" psychology). A common feature of the metaphysical approach is that individual-differences variables like sex are essentially ignored, or relegated to ideological categories such as the treatment of sex as merely a "social construction." Examples of research both before and after the "cognitive revolution" are presented where experimental and differential methods are melded, and individual differences are treated as phenomena worthy of investigation rather than as nuisance factors that merely add to experimental error. Keywords: Pavlov, melding of experimental and differential psychology, methodological vs. metaphysical behaviorism, individual differences, sex differences, computer metaphor in current "cognitive" psychology La distinción diferencial/experimental que especificó Cronbach es importante porque una explicación adecuada del fenómeno psicológico requiere que reconozcamos la validez de los dos enfoques, a la par que una combinación de los mismos. Este trabajo trata de mostrar que la obra de Pavlov en psicología, basada en las primeras tradiciones investigadoras que se remontan hasta los presocráticos, proporciona una posible forma de conseguir esta combinación, aunque se deban añadir métodos de observación sistemática frente a la meramente anecdótica. Se contrasta el enfoque conductual metodológico de Pavlov con el conductismo metafísico, ejemplificado explícitamente en Watson y Skinner e implícitamente en las explicaciones del procesamiento de la información o de la metáfora computacional, empleadas por la psicología "cognitiva" actual. Una característica del enfoque metafísico es que variables diferenciales individuales como el sexo son básicamente ignoradas o relegadas a categorías ideológicas, como ocurre cuando se considera el sexo como mera "construcción social". Se presentan ejemplos de investigaciones, antes y después de la "revolución cognitiva", en los que los métodos experimental y diferencial se combinan, apareciendo las diferencias individuales como fenómenos dignos de investigación más que como factores molestos que meramente acrecientan el error experimental. Palabras clave: Pavlov, unión complementaria de psicología diferencial y experimental, conductismo metodológico frente a metafísico, diferencias individuales, diferencias se...

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“…Lockhart, & Dameron, 1962: Dengerink & Taylor, 1971Lockhart, 1966: Prokasy & Ebel, 1967Stewart. Stern, Winokur, & Fredman, 1961).…”

Section: Response Formunclassified

SCORIT: A computer subroutine for scoring electrodermal responses

Prokasy

1974

Behav. Res. Meth. & Instru.

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Three components of the classically conditioned GSR in human subjects.

Cited by 152 publications

References 22 publications

Skin conductance response conditioning with CS intensities equal to and greater than UCS intensity

Skin conductance response conditioning with CS intensities equal to and greater than UCS intensity

Pavlov's Methodological Behaviorism as a Pre-Socratic Contribution of the Melding of the Differential and Experimental Psychology

SCORIT: A computer subroutine for scoring electrodermal responses

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