Three-dimensional anthropogenic underwater noise modeling in an Arctic fjord for acoustic risk assessment

Richard, Gaëtan; Mathias, Delphine; Collin, Jérémy; Chauvaud, Laurent; Bonnel, Julien

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114487

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Some studies have been focused on geophysical sounds (iceberg bubbling, iceberg calving; Glowacki et al, 2018;Mahanty et al, 2020) or species-specific biological sounds (e.g. Van Parijs et al, 2001;de Vincenzi et al, 2019;Llobet et al, 2021), but increasingly there is a need to document noise from anthropogenic sources in the context of the biological community (Ahonen et al, 2017;Ashokan et al, 2020;Madan et al, 2020;Sanjana et al, 2021;Stafford, 2021;Richard et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arctic and the future Arctic? Soundscapes and marine mammal communities on the east and west sides of Svalbard characterized through acoustic data

Llobet,

Ahonen,

Lydersen

et al. 2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The Svalbard Archipelago, Norway, is warming rapidly, resulting in environmental change that is likely already affecting the underwater soundscape, a critical habitat feature for marine mammals. Baseline information about current sound levels is needed to monitor future changes. Fixed-location recorders were used in this study to characterize the soundscape and study the occurrence and phenology of marine mammals at two locations within Svalbard. Kongsfjorden (2017-2018), on the west coast, has already undergone vast environmental change, whereas M2 (2019-2020), on the east coast, remains more Arctic. The results of the study reveal that the soundscapes and species assemblages differed markedly west vs east. In the west, Arctic species were detected from winter to summer and migrant marine mammal species were detected occasionally through the autumn. In the east, Arctic species were detected constantly on an almost year-round basis, and a few migrant species were detected during summer. Vessels were detected more often in the west than in the east, in accordance with AIS traffic data that indicated more boat traffic in Kongsfjorden in the west than in the east of the archipelago. In terms of soundscapes, geophonies (wind, ice) were the main factors determining the sound energy at both locations. Kongsfjorden’s soundscape was characterized by glacier-melt sounds with moderate levels of anthropogenic noise and some biophonies (marine mammals). At M2, sea-ice noises shaped the soundscape, which was otherwise dominated by biophonies from Arctic marine mammals. At the east coast site there was little impact from anthropophonies (vessels). This study provides information on Svalbard’s current underwater soundscape, which is likely to be transformed in the future due to ongoing climate change, with the west coast reflecting future conditions in many Arctic regions if ship-traffic is not regulated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arctic and the future Arctic? Soundscapes and marine mammal communities on the east and west sides of Svalbard characterized through acoustic data

Llobet,

Ahonen,

Lydersen

et al. 2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…Underwater acoustic models can be used as an effective method for predicting the effects of noise on marine animals for environmental impact assessments when field acoustic data are unavailable (Aulanier et al, 2017;Lin et al, 2019;Richard et al, 2023). For coastal and estuarine areas, a full 3D acoustic propagation model is essential to predict the growth of anthropogenic noise pollution (Oliveira et al, 2021;Richard et al, 2023). The broadband TL of noise generated from impact pile driving and its potential effects on the large yellow croaker were investigated using the For3D model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, sound propagation is often simplified in one or several (N) planes (2D) (Aulanier et al, 2017;Cominelli et al, 2020) instead of using a full 3D propagation model. Nevertheless, 2D or N×2D models that ignore the horizontal refraction of rays are limited in complex geometries, like coastal and estuarine areas (Porter, 2019;Sagers et al, 2019;Richard et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional acoustic propagation of noise from impact pile driving in a complex costal environment and its effects on large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea)

Xie,

Xue,

Niu

et al. 2024

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The effects of high-intensity impulsive noise generated by pile driving on fish are a major concern in environmental impact assessments. Numerical acoustic models are essential for predicting underwater-acoustic-related problems in complex coastal environments prior to offshore construction. However, underwater noise modeling for impact pile driving has often been performed using simplistic propagation models that are inadequate for three-dimensional (3D) environments. A 3D parabolic equation method (PE) was established in this study to better predict broadband transmission loss (TL) from impact pile driving in complex coastal environments and its influence on the large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). The effects of 3D propagation were investigated using two realistic scenarios with different bathymetric complexities. The values and attenuation rate of the broadband TL for the steeply sloped bottom were significantly greater than those for the flat and weakly varying bottoms over 3 km. At a water depth of 5 m, a difference of approximately 10 dB was observed between the two TL scenarios at a distance of 4.5 to 5 km. The simulation results are in reasonable agreement with the field measurement data, with a difference of less than 3 dB. The zones of behavioral response and injury in the large yellow croaker were estimated using the For3D model. The results showed that the effects of the noise generated by the impact pile driving on the large yellow croaker were evident and three-dimensional. Therefore, 3D propagation effects should be considered when analyzing the influence of underwater noise on marine animals.

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“…Increasing the sound speed by 25 and 50 m/s produced a 16 and 31 m increase in average errors. In the event longer detection ranges were available or to reduce the obtained 100 m localization error, 3D propagation modeling might be necessary to account for the complex bathymetry in fjord environments (e.g., using BELLHOP (Ocean-Acoustic-Library, 2022)), as highlighted in neighboring fjords (Richard et al, 2023).…”

Section: Localization Errormentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous tracking of multiple whales using two fiber-optic cables in the Arctic

et al. 2023

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Climate change is impacting the Arctic faster than anywhere else in the world. As a response, ecosystems are rapidly changing. As a result, we can expect rapid shifts in whale migration and habitat use concurrent with changes in human patterns. In this context, responsible management and conservation requires improved monitoring of whale presence and movement over large ranges, at fine scales and in near-real-time compared to legacy tools. We demonstrate that this could be enabled by Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS). DAS converts an existing fiber optic telecommunication cable into a widespread, densely sampled acoustic sensing array capable of recording low-frequency whale vocalizations. This work proposes and compares two independent methods to estimate whale positions and tracks; a brute-force grid search and a Bayesian filter. The methods are applied to data from two 260 km long, nearly parallel telecommunication cables offshore Svalbard, Norway. First, our two methods are validated using a dedicated active air gun experiment, from which we deduce that the localization errors of both methods are 100 m. Then, using fin whale songs, we demonstrate the methods' capability to estimate the positions and tracks of eight fin whales over a period of five hours along a cable section between 40 and 95 km from the interrogator unit, constrained by increasing noise with range, variability in the coupling of the cable to the sea floor and water depths. The methods produce similar and consistent tracks, where the main difference arises from the Bayesian filter incorporating knowledge of previously estimated locations, inferring information on speed, and heading. This work demonstrates the simultaneous localization of several whales over a 800 km area, with a relatively low infrastructural investment. This approach could promptly inform management and stakeholders of whale presence and movement and be used to mitigate negative human-whale interaction.

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Three-dimensional anthropogenic underwater noise modeling in an Arctic fjord for acoustic risk assessment

Cited by 7 publications

References 55 publications

The Arctic and the future Arctic? Soundscapes and marine mammal communities on the east and west sides of Svalbard characterized through acoustic data

The Arctic and the future Arctic? Soundscapes and marine mammal communities on the east and west sides of Svalbard characterized through acoustic data

Three-dimensional acoustic propagation of noise from impact pile driving in a complex costal environment and its effects on large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea)

Simultaneous tracking of multiple whales using two fiber-optic cables in the Arctic

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