Three-dimensional conductive PEDOT:PSS-based mixed-matrix scaffolds for efficient removal of protein-bound uremic toxins and high-throughput collection of circulating tumor cells

Dual pH-/Thermoresponsive Shell-Cross-Linked Magnetic Mesoporous Nanospheres for Doxorubicin Delivery and In Vitro/In Vivo Cancer Treatment

“…When the K 1 > K 2 , it indicates that the key element in drug release is the Fickian diffusion. On the other hand, if K 2 > K 1 , it suggests the predominance of dissolution and relaxation of the polymer chains. − The results illustrated in Table indicated that in the current study, the diffusion constant ( K 1 ) was greater than the chain relaxation constant ( K 2 ), indicating the drug release in this study was predominantly governed by the Fickian diffusion. This phenomenon could be the increased temperature causing a relaxation (transport Case II) of the PF/PEI polymer coated on the surface of MMCM.…”

“…The results indicated that LCST-triggered polymer-stress behavior and promoted Fickian-like diffusion of drug molecules. Therefore, the coating by polymer improved the kinetics of the release mechanism. − Based on the present kinetic studies, the DOX release from the prepared MMFPEI NSs displays a predominance of the Fickian diffusion.…”

“…The difference between the Fickian and non-Fickian diffusion is the availability or nonavailability of boundaries. For the non-Fickian diffusion, a clear boundary separates the encapsulated drug zone, while the Fickian diffusion has no boundary. − In the current study, the diffusion exponent n for the released drug was determined at pH 5.4_37 °C, pH 5.4_42 °C, and pH 7.4_37 °C as 0.333, 0.367, and 0.466, respectively. The estimated diffusion exponent n values indicated the Fickian diffusion because they are all less than 0.5 ( n ≤ 0.5).…”

“…On the other hand, β, which is a shape feature, characterizes the shape of the release curves, which can be associated with the physiological influences, while the parameter α signifies scale parameters describing the time dependence. For equations with β = 1, the shape of the curves indicates exponential profiles, β > 1 reveals a sigmoidal form, and β < 1 defines a parabolic graph. − This phenomenon infers that Weibull is a pliable kinetic model with boundless prospects to be fitted on wide-ranging release patterns. The Weibull model is also indicated to be the best fit for the drug release in this study by showing a higher R 2 and the lowest AIC.…”

“…This phenomenon could be the increased temperature causing a relaxation (transport Case II) of the PF/PEI polymer coated on the surface of MMCM. Also, the Fickian diffusion usually takes place in drug delivery systems containing polymeric matrices through which the values of the translucent polymer transition temperature ( T g ) are less than the microenvironment temperature. − Thus, the results signposted that the release of the DOX from the nanospheres is governed by both Fickian and non-Fickian diffusion.…”