Three‐dimensional geometric morphometric analysis of the distal radius insertion sites of the palmar radiocarpal ligaments in hominoid primates

Casado, Aroa; Punsola, Vicenç; Gómez, Mònica; Diego, Marina de; Barbosa, Mercedes; Paz, Felix J. de; Pastor, Juan Francisco; Potau, Josep Maria

doi:10.1002/ajpa.23885

Cited by 7 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This indicates that when comparing either gorillas and humans or chimpanzees and humans, FR in PP2–4 may act as functional markers by separating African apes from humans. This is in keeping with Drapeau (2008) and Casado et al (2019) who found that entheses in limbs do indicate functional differences between African apes and humans. Interestingly, although previous research shows that body size is a significant predictor of insertion site variability (e.g., Nolte & Wilczak, 2013; Zumwalt, 2006) and our results suggested that body size exerts an influence on FR (Figure 3 and Table 4), this cannot explain differences in FR when comparing humans to chimpanzees.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…If entheses signal behavior, the higher forces African apes apply on their hands should leave larger insertion sites than in humans. This may help to elucidate the suitability of entheses to inform on the use of the hands in taxa with unknown activity patterns (e.g., human past populations), yet this kind of study is relatively scarce (Casado et al, 2019; Drapeau, 2008; Milella, 2014; Rabey et al, 2015; Zumwalt, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insertion sites in manual proximal phalanges of African apes and modern humans

Bucchi

Luengo

Bove

et al. 2020

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to describe the insertion sites of the ligaments holding the flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis muscles (flexor ridges) in proximal phalanges 2-5 of African apes and modern humans. To interpret differences in flexor ridge size based on general behavioral differences among taxa. Materials and methods: We analyzed 3D models of manual proximal phalanges 2-5 from 29 gorillas (Gorilla beringei and Gorilla gorilla), 30 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and 36 recent modern humans. Flexor ridges (mm 2) were compared within and across genera. Results: Gorillas and chimpanzees had larger flexor ridges for phalanges 2-4 than humans and this difference subsists when controlling for body size. Each genus had a unique insertion size pattern across the digits, with the most heterogeneous pattern found in chimpanzees, followed by humans, and lastly gorillas. These patterns corresponded strongly to the differences in the size of the phalanges within each genus, except for phalanx 5 in humans, which had a larger flexor ridge than expected. Discussion: When comparing these genera, the flexor ridges signal differences between taxa that use their hands for manipulation and locomotion (gorillas and chimpanzees) and taxa that use them exclusively for manipulation (humans). This functional signal was also apparent in the PP5 of humans, whose larger FR may be indicating the high recruitment of this digit during forceful precision grip characteristic of humans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insertion sites in manual proximal phalanges of African apes and modern humans

Bucchi

Luengo

Bove

et al. 2020

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…The landmarks previously proposed by Casado et al [38] were used to represent the morphology of the two insertion sites of the palmar radiocarpal ligaments in the distal radial epiphysis. Nine Type II and one Type III landmarks were used: the L1-L4 landmarks for the SRL insertion site and the L5-L10 landmarks for the common insertion site of the RSC and LRL (Figure 1).…”

Section: D Gm Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We found that the morphology of these two insertion sites was related to the type of locomotion used by each of the species. The insertion sites in the more arboreal species, like Pongo pygmaeus, are larger, with a palmar orientation of the SRL ligament insertion site, while those of the knuckle-walkers (Gorilla gorilla) are smaller, with an ulnopalmar orientation of the SRL ligament insertion site, presenting Pan troglodytes an intermediate position [38]. This relationship between the morphology of a ligament insertion site and type of locomotion has also been observed in other anatomical regions of hominoid primates, such as the insertion sites of the ligaments holding the flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis muscles in proximal phalanges [39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be due to differences between captive and wild environments, as captive environments generally have less three-dimensional complexity, less variation in heights and slopes, and more hard elements like artificial rocks and cement floors [2]. The palmar radiocarpal ligaments are the main stabilizing elements of the radiocarpal joint [37], and their insertion sites are located in the distal radial epiphysis [38] (Figure 1). The common insertion site of the radioscaphocapitate ligament (RSC) and the long radiolunate ligament (LRL), as well as that of the short radiolunate ligament (SRL), have previously been studied by our group in three species of hominoid primates (Gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes and Pongo pygmaeus).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Captivity on the Morphology of the Insertion Sites of the Palmar Radiocarpal Ligaments in Hominoid Primates

Casado

Avià

Llorente

et al. 2021

Animals

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The environmental conditions of captive hominoid primates can lead to modifications in several aspects of their behavior, including locomotion, which can then alter the morphological characteristics of certain anatomical regions, such as the knee or wrist. We have performed tridimensional geometric morphometrics (3D GM) analyses of the distal radial epiphysis in wild and captive gorillas, chimpanzees, and orangutans. Our objective was to study the morphology of the insertion sites of the palmar radiocarpal ligaments, since the anatomical characteristics of these insertion sites are closely related to the different types of locomotion of these hominoid primates. We have identified significant differences between the wild and captive specimens that are likely related to their different types of locomotion. Our results indicate that the habitat conditions of captive hominoid primates may cause them to modify their locomotor behavior, leading to a greater use of certain movements in captivity than in the wild and resulting in the anatomical changes we have observed. We suggest that creating more natural environments in zoological facilities could reduce the impact of these differences and also increase the well-being of primates raised in captive environments.

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Comparative anatomy of the ligaments and muscles of the radiocarpal joint in chimpanzees and humans

Potau

Pastor

Paz

et al. 2022

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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Objectives In the present study, we have analyzed the anatomy of the radiocarpal joint ligaments and muscles in Pan troglodytes and Homo sapiens in order to identify similarities and differences between the two species that may be related to differences in hand use and function. Materials and Methods Anatomical dissections of the ligaments and muscles of the radiocarpal joint were performed in six adult chimpanzees and 12 humans. The mass of each ligament and of the functional ligament groups were calculated relative to the total ligament mass and compared between the two species. The mass of the functional muscle groups relative to the total mass of the muscles of the radiocarpal joint was also calculated and compared between the two species. Results The ligaments of the radiocarpal joint had similar anatomical characteristics in chimpanzees and humans. The relative mass of the palmar ligaments was greater in humans, while that of the dorsal radiocarpal ligament was greater in chimpanzees. In both species, the relative mass of the palmar and dorsal muscle groups was inversely related to that of the corresponding ligament groups. Discussion The greater relative mass of the palmar ligaments in humans may be related to the importance of wrist extension during manipulative tasks. The greater relative mass of the dorsal radiocarpal ligament in chimpanzees may be related to the need to stabilize the radiocarpal joint in flexion, mainly during arboreal locomotion.

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Three‐dimensional geometric morphometric analysis of the distal radius insertion sites of the palmar radiocarpal ligaments in hominoid primates

Cited by 7 publications

References 39 publications

Insertion sites in manual proximal phalanges of African apes and modern humans

Insertion sites in manual proximal phalanges of African apes and modern humans

Effects of Captivity on the Morphology of the Insertion Sites of the Palmar Radiocarpal Ligaments in Hominoid Primates

Comparative anatomy of the ligaments and muscles of the radiocarpal joint in chimpanzees and humans

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