Three-dimensional inspiratory flow in the upper and central human airways

Banko, Andrew; Coletti, Filippo; Schiavazzi, Daniele E.; Elkins, Christopher J.; Eaton, John K.

doi:10.1007/s00348-015-1966-y

Cited by 81 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Jalal et al 30 applied this surrogate method in an idealized model of a symmetric planar double airway bifurcation under steady flow covering a range of flow regimes (from laminar to turbulent flows). Similar experiments were performed by Banko et al, 31 in a realistic 3D-printed model of the human airways during constant inspiratory flow rate of 60 L/min corresponding to a peak inflow during moderate exertion. The influence of the extra thoracic airways included in their model was found to have a significant impact on the flow structures in the trachea and the first bifurcations.…”

supporting

confidence: 66%

“…A single‐phase steady flow inside a rigid model can be fully characterized by its Reynolds number:

R e = \frac{ρ Q D_{H}}{μ A}

where ρ is the density, Q is the volumetric flow rate, μ is the dynamic viscosity (8.89 × 10 ‐4 Pa.s), A is the cross‐sectional area, and D H is the hydraulic diameter (2 and 1.4 cm for the model without and with the upper airways, respectively). Therefore, it is possible to use water to mimic airflow inside the lung models, as originally proposed and recently published . The model with central airways only was scanned with a 3D PCV‐MRI sequence at two different water flow rates of 3.7 and 8 mL/s, which are equivalent to low inspiratory airflows of 58 and 125 mL/s, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is possible to use water to mimic airflow inside the lung models, as originally proposed 35 and recently published. 31 The model with central airways only was scanned with a 3D PCV-MRI sequence at two different water flow rates of 3.7 and 8 mL/s, which are equivalent to low inspiratory airflows of 58 and 125 mL/s, respectively. This corresponds to Reynolds numbers in the trachea of 235 and 509, respectively.…”

Section: Airway Models and Experimental Flow Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

3D phase contrast MRI in models of human airways: Validation of computational fluid dynamics simulations of steady inspiratory flow

Collier

Kim

Chung

et al. 2018

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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supporting

confidence: 66%

“…A single‐phase steady flow inside a rigid model can be fully characterized by its Reynolds number:

R e = \frac{ρ Q D_{H}}{μ A}

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Airway Models and Experimental Flow Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

3D phase contrast MRI in models of human airways: Validation of computational fluid dynamics simulations of steady inspiratory flow

Collier

Kim

Chung

et al. 2018

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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show abstract

“…The sudden reduction in cross-sectional area at the glottis allows the formation of the laryngeal jet (Lin et al, 2007). Higher flow rates can enhance this jet velocity and turbulent kinetic energy, which can significantly increase particle deposition (Banko et al, 2015;Koullapis et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of device resistance and inhalation flow rate on the lung deposition of orally inhaled mannitol dry powder

Yang

Verschuer

Shi

et al. 2016

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

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The present study investigates the effect of DPI resistance and inhalation flow rates on the lung deposition of orally inhaled mannitol dry powder. Mannitol powder radiolabeled with Tc-DTPA was inhaled from an Osmohaler™ by healthy human volunteers at 50-70L/min peak inhalation flow rate (PIFR) using both a low and high resistance Osmohaler™, and 110-130L/min PIFR using the low resistance Osmohaler™ (n=9). At 50-70L/min PIFR, the resistance of the Osmohaler™ did not significantly affect the total and peripheral lung deposition of inhaled mannitol [for low resistance Osmohaler™, 20% total lung deposition (TLD), 0.3 penetration index (PI); for high resistance Osmohaler™, 17% TLD, 0.23 PI]. Increasing the PIFR 50-70L/min to 110-130L/min (low resistance Osmohaler™) significantly reduced the total lung deposition (10% TLD) and the peripheral lung deposition (PI 0.21). The total lung deposition showed dependency on the in vitro FPF (R=1.0). On the other hand, the PI had a stronger association with the MMAD (R=1.0) than the FPF (R=0.7). In conclusion the resistance of Osmohaler™ did not significantly affect the total and regional lung deposition at 50-70L/min PIFR. Instead, the total and regional lung depositions are dependent on the particle size of the aerosol and inhalation flow rate, the latter itself affecting the particle size distribution.

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“…Their PIV measurements in a Weibel/Horsfieldmodel showed the influence of the ventilation frequency on the unsteady threedimensional flow structures. Jalal et al 18 and Banko et al 5 determined the threedimensional velocity field in an idealized Weibel-lung model and in a realistic CT databased geometry using magnetic resonance velocimetry (MRV). The latter measurements included the mouth and throat area and, thus, simulated realistic inflow conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of a surface-coated lung model for the quantification of active agent deposition for preclinical studies

Doerner

Mueller

Reiter

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Multiple drug resistance (MDR) of a growing number of bacterial pathogens represents an increasing challenge in conventional curative treatments of infectious diseases. However, the development and testing of new antibiotics is associated with a high number of animal experiments. A symmetrical parametrized lung test rig allowing the exposure of air-passage surfaces to antibiotics was designed and tested to demonstrate proof-of-principle with aerosols containing allicin, which is an antimicrobial natural product from garlic. An artificial lung surface is coated with bacteria embedded in a hydrogel and growth inhibition is visualized by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), that is reduced from colourless to the dark blue formazan in the presence of metabolically active, living cells. A nebulizer is used to generate the aerosols. The results show that allicin has an antibiotic effect as an aerosol and that the deposition pattern of the active agent occurred mainly around the carinal regions. The model represents an integral system for continuous, spatial detection of aerosol deposition and allows the analysis of bacterial behaviour and the toxicity of the active agent. In this way the deposition of antimicrobial aerosols on the bronchial surfaces is characterized in preliminary tests without any animal experiments.

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Three-dimensional inspiratory flow in the upper and central human airways

Cited by 81 publications

References 40 publications

3D phase contrast MRI in models of human airways: Validation of computational fluid dynamics simulations of steady inspiratory flow

3D phase contrast MRI in models of human airways: Validation of computational fluid dynamics simulations of steady inspiratory flow

The effect of device resistance and inhalation flow rate on the lung deposition of orally inhaled mannitol dry powder

Feasibility of a surface-coated lung model for the quantification of active agent deposition for preclinical studies

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