Three-dimensional measurements of the lower extremity in children and adolescents using a low-dose biplanar X-ray device

Abstract

Low radiation dose is essential when assessing potential lower extremity discrepancies. A new biplanar low-dose X-ray device can assess such discrepancies in children/adolescents. This LDX device provides equally reliable 3D measurements as prevalent practice LDX measurements carry good overall interobserver agreement.

Correlation between primary flat foot and lower extremity rotational misalignment in adults

“…The EOS ® system also evaluates femoral and tibial torsion (as well as tibiofemoral rotation) with low doses of radiation and, most importantly with the patient in the upright position. Several studies have compared measurements of lower limb torsion obtained by CT and the EOS ® system in adults and children and concluded that EOS ® measurements are reliable and reproducible [9,[12][13][14][15][16].…”

Assessment of Prosthesis Alignment after Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty Using EOS 2D and 3D Imaging: A Reliability Study

“…Intraobserver and interobserver reliability were excellent when measuring VV2D and VV3D (with ICCs >0.99) on lower limbs containing no knee prostheses [18]. Interobserver reliability was good for EOS 3D varus/valgus measurements on lower limbs of children containing no knee prostheses (Pearson correlation coefficient (Pr) 0.82) [19]. Reliability studies on measurements of vertebrae [20], sagittal balance and spine curves (Pr ≥0.85 and ICCs ≥0.85) [21], spinal curve measurements (ICCs ≥0.84) [22], scoliosis (ICCs ≥0.97) [23], shoulder bony landmarks [24], pelvic and acetabular morphology (ICCs ≥0.80) [25], and pelvic tilt and acetabular cup orientation (ICCs 0.69–0.98) [26], also showed good overall reliability.…”

“…EOS VV3D measurements of legs that not contain a knee prosthesis are more accurate than VV2D measurements, eliminating bias due to wrong lower-limb positioning [31]. Validity of EOS VV3D on legs not containing prosthetic material was also investigated in a cadaveric study [19] that measured varus/valgus angle three times using CT-scanning and EOS 3D with each specimen in three different positions: neutral, 10° external rotation and 10° internal rotation. No significant differences between CT and EOS 3D measurements were observed.…”

Protocolo de valoración de las diferencias de longitud de los miembros inferiores

“…La utilidad y fiabilidad de los métodos clínicos de valoración y cuantificación de las DLMI es un tema controvertido patente en la bibliografía de referencia (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). Así como las acomodaciones y repercusiones que éstas tienen en el pie, extremidad y columna (7).…”